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kinds
of
audienee
[B]
makefunofthedisorganized
peo
ple
[C]
addressdifferent
problems
todiff
erent
people
[D]
showsympathy
foryourlisteners
42.
Thejokeabout
doctorsimpliesth
at,i
ntheeyesof
nurses,they
are
alkandpickoutenceswhichyou
about
afewcanturn
[A]impolitetonewarrivals
[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikero
le
[C]entitledtosomeprivileges
[D]s43.
very
busyevenduring
lunchhour
Itcanbeinferredfromthetextt
hat
publicservices
■
have
benefitedmany
thefocusofpublic
attention
aninappropriate
subjectforh
umor
oftenbeenthe
laughingsto
ck
44.
Toachievethedesired
result,hu
morous
storiesshouldbe
delivered_
[A]inwell-wordedIanguage
[B]asawkwardlyaspossible
[C]inexaggeratedstatements
[D]ascasuallyaspossible
45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe
[A]UseHumorEffectively
[B]VariousKindsofHumor
[C]AddHumortoSpeech
[D]DifferentHumorStrategies
2002Text2
Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,
peoplehavedevisedevermorecunni
ngtoolsto
cope
with
workthat
isda
ngerous,boring,
burdensome,or
just
plainnasty.
That
compulsionhas
resu
ltedinrobotics
the
scieneeof
conf
erringvarious
human
capabilities
on
machines.Andif
scientistshave
yett
ocreatethe
mechanical
version
ofsc
iencefiction,
they
begunto
com
eclose.
Asaresult,
modern
worldis
incr
easinglypopulated
by
intelligent
gizm
oswhosepreseneewebarelynotice
butwhoseuniversalexisteneehasre
movedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactori
eshumtotherhythmofrobotassem
blyarms.Ourbankingisdoneataut
omatedtellerterminalsthatthankus
withmechanicalpolitenessforthetr
ansaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecont
rolledbytirelessrobo-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,t
herearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccu
thanhig
htheir
hands
alone.
Butif
robotsareto
reachthe
nextst
ageof
laborsaving
utility,they
willh
aveto
operate
lesshuman
supe
rvision
andbe
able
tomakeat
least
afew
decisions
for
themselves
goa
lsthat
posea
real
challenge."
While
wit
achieve
racy—fargreaterprecision
hlyskilledphysicianscan
weknowhoweaspecificmanager
ASA,"
wegh'
commontwithIndeedelligeneesults.Iminthe1960sppearedthaticroprocessorstheactionof
totellaerror,"
saysofaroboticscan'
tyetgive
robot
Dave
programarobot
tohandlLavery,atN
sense'
toreliablyadynamicworld."
thequestfor
hasproduced
Despiteaspell
and
transistor
might
thehuman
2010,researchers
toextendthat
notcenturies.
theyfound,inthought,isthat'
sroughlyonehundred
enouinterac
yearegundesWhatodel
if
trueartificialint
verymixedre
ofinitialoptimis
1970swhenita
andm
tocopy
bythe
circuitsablebrainlatelyforecast
be
bdeca
attemptingthehumanbillion
tombrain
nerve
builtrobots
that
canrecognize
t
heerrorofamachine
panelbya
frac
tion
ofamillimeter
in
acontrolled
fa
ctory
environment.
But
mi
ndcanglimpsea
rapidly
changing
sc
ene
andimmediately
disregardthe
98
instantaneattheorthecrowd.system
percentouslysidesingle
The
cellsaremuchmorehumanperceptionfar
ed—thanpreviously
talented—and
morecomplicatimagined.They
thatisirrelevant,focusingonthemonkeyofawindingforestroadsuspiciousfaceinabigmostadvaneedcomputer
sonEarth（
can'
approach
thatkindo
fability,
1neuroscientists
stilldon'
tknow
quite
how
wedo
it.
46.Human
ingenuitywas
initiallyde
monstrated
[A]the
use
ofmachines
toproduces
cienee
fiction
[B]the
wide
ofmachinesinman
ufacturing
industry
[C]the
invention
oftools
fordifficult
ofda
anddangerouswork
[D]theelite'
scunningtackling
ngerousandboringwork
47.Theword
gizmos"
probably
（line1,parag
means
raph
2）most
programs
experts
devices
creatures
48.
According
tothetext,what
isbe
yond
man'
s
abilitynow
istodesigna
robotthat（
can
fulfilldelicatetasks
likeperformi
ng
brainsurgery
interact
withhuman
beings
verba
lly
havealittlecommon
sense
respond
independently
toa
chang
ing
world
49.
Besides
reducinghumanlabor,ro
bots
canalsc
）
makea
fewdecisions
forthemsel
ves
dealwith
someerrorswith
huma
nintervention
improve
factoryenvironments
cultivate
humancreativity
50.
Theauthorusesthe
example
ofa
monkeyto
arguethat
robotsare
[A]expected
humanbrainin
internal
structure
[B]able
to
perceive
abnormalitiesim
mediately
[C]far
less
than
focusing
relevant
information
[D]best
usedin
acontrolledenviron
ment
Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?
SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thep
riceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10
lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingof
oilpricescallsupscarymemoriesoft
he1973oilshock,whenpricesquadr
upled,and1979-1980,whentheyals
oalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationand
globaleconomicdecline.Sowherea
retheheadlineswarningofglooman
ddoomthistime?
oil
pricewasgiven
anotherpush
up
this
week
whenIraq
suspended
exports.Strengthening
economicg
rowth,
atthe
sametime
aswintergr
ips
northern
hemisphere,couldp
ush
price
higherstill
intheshort
term.
Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpect
theeconomicconsequencesnowto
belessseverethaninthe1970s.In
mostcountriesthecostofcrudeoiln
owaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe197
0s.InEurope,taxesaccountforupt
ofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcr
udehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.
Richeconomiesarealsolessdepende
ntonoilthantheywere,andsoless
sensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.E
nergyconservation,ashifttootherf
uelsandadeclineintheimportaneeofheavy,energy-intensiveindustriesh
avereducedoilconsumption.Softwar
e,consultancyandmobiletelephones
usefarlessoilthansteelorcarprod
uction.ForeachdollarofGDP（incon
stantprices）richeconomiesnowuse
nearly50%lessoilthanin1973.Th
eOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomi
cOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,compare
dwith$13in1998,thiswouldincrea
setheoilimportbillin
rich
economie
byonly
0.25〜0.5%
ofGDP.
isl
essthan
one-quarter
income
lo
ss
in1974
or1980.
On
other
han
d,
oil-importingemerging
economies
towhich
heavy
hasshifte
d—havebecomemoreenergy-intensi
ve,andsocouldbemoreseriouslys
queezed.
Onemorereasonnottolos
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