大学英语四级阅读理解附答案解析Word格式.docx

大学英语四级阅读理解附答案解析Word格式.docx

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篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。

每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。

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　　Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

　　HowtoMakePeacewithYourWorkload

　　[A]Swamped（忙碌的）,underthegun,juststrugglingtostayabovewater...;

whateverofficeclicheyouemploytodepictit,we"

veallbeeninthatsituationwherewefeellikewemightbeswallowedupbyourworkload.Nonethelessmanyawaymaybeusedtomanageyourto-dolisttopreventfeelingoverwhelmed.Howtomakepeacewithyourworkloadonceandforallgoesasfollows.

　　[B]Getorganized.“Clearthedeadwoodoutofyourdeskandkeepyourofficeinshape,whichenhancesyourcapabilitytohandleothertasksandraisestheprobabilitythatyou’llretrievetheitemsyoudoneedinafasterandeasierfashion,”saysJeffDavidsonwhoworksasawork/lifeexpertandwriterofmorethan50booksonworkplaceissues.“Whensomethingcanbedisposed,letitgo,giveninrealitymostofwhatyouretainisreplaceable.”JoelRudy,vicepresidentofoperationsforPhotographicSolutions,withbetterthanthirtyyearsofbusinessmanagementexperience,believesthatkeepingorganizedisamust.“Messyworkareasarenonproductiveinsomemeasure.Providedthatyoucan"

tlocateadocumentorreporteasilybecauseit’slostinapileofmess,thenyouhaveaproblematicsituation,”hesays.“Therebyyouaresupposedtotakethetimetotidyupyourworkareasandkeepyourimportantfiles,manualsandreportsinanaccessiblelocation,whichwillmaximizeyourefficiencies.”

　　[C]Makeato-dolist,thencoveritup.Itmaysoundweird,butitworks,saysJessicaCarlson,anaccountexecutiveatBluefishDesignStudiowhichisanadvertisingconsultingfirm.Carlsonurgesherteamtoutilizeto-doliststostayontrackandhighlightitemsthatareapriority.“Coverupthelist,withtheexceptionofonehigh-prioritytaskatonetime,”shesuggests.“Thiswillallowyoutofocusbetteronthetaskathand;

otherwise,itwillbeeasytogetoverwhelmedifyou’rereadingthroughato-dolistthatspansanentirepage.Concentratingonasingleitemwillmakeyourtasksappearliketheyaremoredoable,”Carlsonsays.

　　[D]Stopmultitasking.Despitewhatyoumayconsidermultitasking,it’scounterproductive.Unlessyou’redrinkingcoffeewhilescanningyourmorninge-mails,you’renotsavinganytimebyattemptingtodotenthingsatonce.“Ifyoufindyourselfgettingtangledintoomanythings,itmaybeofmuchnecessityofyoutore-evaluateyourinvolvement,”Rudysays.“Yourmindwillwanderfromonetopictoanotherandyoumayendupneveraccomplishingathing.”Rudyrecommendsthebestwaytostopmultitaskingistocreateprioritylistswithdeadlines.“Whenapplicable,completeoneprojectbeforeyoumovefurtherontothenextone,”hesays.

　　[E]Settimelimits.DeborahChaddock-Brown,awork-at-homesingleparent,saysshe’sfrequentlyoverwhelmedbythedemandsofmaintainingorderinherresidenceandrunningherownbusiness.Still,shemanagesto“doitall”bysettingatimelimitforeachtask.“Ihavethetypeofpersonalitythatflits（轻轻地掠过）fromthingtothingbecauseIdohavesomuchonmyplate,”Brownsays.“AsaconsequenceIassigntimeslots:

Forthenext15minutesIwillparticipateinsocialmediaforthepurposeofmarketingmybusiness（notsendingphotosorplayingFarmville）andthatistheonlythingIamabouttodoforthenext15minutes.Whenthetimeisup,Imoveontothenexttask.Thatway,atnightIdon’tendupwithapileoftaskstoaccomplisheventhoughIfeltbusyallday.”

　　[F]Talktoyourmanager.“Quiteoften,peopleareworkingonthingsthatarenolongeratoppriority,butsomeoneforgottotellthem（thatthey’renolongerimportant）.Thereareusuallyclearprioritiesinthemanager’shead;

heorshehasjustnotdoneagreatjobcommunicatingthosewiththeemployee,”saysHollyGreen,CEOofTheHumanFactor.Green’ssuggestionunfoldsinthismanner:

“Ifyoufindyourselfconfrontedwithtoomanyresponsibilities,sitdown,notethesignificantthingsyouareinchargeof,andgotoyourmanagertohaveaconversationtodiscusspriorities,trade-offs,timecommitmentsandinterdependenciesrequiredtodoeachthingwell,andthenaskwhatyoushouldstopworkingonorworkonlesssoyoucangettherightthingsdone.”Greensaysmanagersshouldbewillingtohelpsortoutpriorities,solongasemployeeshaveacan-doapproachandaren’tjustcomplainingabouttheirworkload.

　　[G]Eliminatetimewasters.“Ifinterruptionsarekeepingyoufromyourresponsibilities,learnhowtodealwiththemaccordingly,”saysEileenRoth,authorofOrganizingforDummies.Rothproposesthefollowingsuggestionstocombatdisruptions:

“Usevoicemailtocutdownontelephoneinterruptions,turnoffthealertthatsays‘You’vegotane-mail;

andgivestaffmembersasettimetovisityou.”JustinGramm,presidentofGlobellaBuyersRealty,exemplifiesRoth’spoint.“E-mailhadbeenabigtimewasterformeinthepastbecauseitwasaconstantinterruption,causingmetolosefocusonthetaskathand,”hesays.Sincedeterminedtocheckhise-mailsonlytwiceaday,Grammsayshehasbecomemuchmoreefficient.“Ifpeoplewanttogetmoreworkdone,theyneedtostopcheckinge-mailsandgetdowntobusiness,”hesays.

　　[H]Assessyourworkloadbeforetakingonnewtasks.“Theparadoxoftoday’sworkenvironmentisthatthemoreyoudo,themorethat’sexpectedofyou,”Davidsonsays.Inordertobetterassessyourworkload,Davidsonsuggestsaskingyourselfthefollowingquestionsbeforeagreeingtoundertakenewresponsibilities:

Isthetaskaligned（使一致）withyourprioritiesandgoals;

Areyoulikelytobeaspronetosayingyestosucharequesttomorrowornextweek;

Whatelsecouldyoudothatwouldbemorerewarding;

Whatotherpressingtasksandresponsibilitiesareyoulikelytoface;

Doestheotherpartyhaveoptionsotherthanyou;

Willheorshebecrushedifyousayno?

　　[I]Wanttoknowmore?

Mostofourexpertsrecommendedbooksforadditionaltipsonhowtomaximizeefficiency,butonebookwasmentionedtimeandagain.CheckoutTheSevenHabitsofHighlyEffectivePeople.

　　46.“Themoreyoudo,themoreyouareexpectedtodo”hasbeenaparadoxintoday’sworkenvironment.

　　47.Aslongasemployeeshaveacan-doattitudeanddonotjustcomplainabouttheirworkload,themanagerswouldliketohelpthemdecidewhattodofirst.

　　48.Asasingleparent,DeborahChaddock-Brownfindsitdifficulttomakeabalancebetweenbusinessandhousework.

　　49.Therearemanyusefulmethodsofpreventingpeoplefromfeelingoverwhelmedbyworkload.

　　50.Messyworkareasarenonproductivetosomeextent,soyouaresupposedtokeepyourworkareastidyandimportantfilesathand.

　　51.Toknowmoreabouthowtomaximizeefficiency,TheSevenHabitsofHighlyEffectivePeopleisrecommended.

　　52.InOrganizingforDummies,usingvoicemailtocutdownontelephoneinterruptionsandturningoffthee-mailnoticearesuggestedincombatinginterruptions.

　　53.AccordingtoRudy,thebestwaytostopmultitaskingistomakealistofprioritiesandsetdeadlinesforeachtask.

　　54.Focusingonasinglematterwillmakeyourtasksappearmorepossibletobedone.

　　55.Infact,mostofwhatpeopleretainissubstitutable,sodisposethethingsthataredisposable.

练习2

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.

　　Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

　　UniversitiesBranchOut

　　[A]Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.

　　[B]Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself¬

consciouslyglobal:

seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative（合作的）researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.

　　[C]Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Therevers