英语四种基本句式.docx
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英语四种基本句式
英语四种基本句式:
陈述、疑问、祈使和感叹句
一:
肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句
例句:
Iamastudent.Hegoestoschool.
Iamnotaboy.Hedoesnotgotoschool.
AreyouastudentDoyou/DoesshelikeEnglish
Whattime(isit),pleasewhichisyourpen
Whatdaytoday问星期whatdateisittoday问日期
含be/amisarewaswere:
Thisisabook.Isthisabook__yes,itis/no,itisn’t
Thisisnotabook.Whatisthiswhatthisis
不含be的,借助do/does:
IlikeEnglish.IdonotlikeEnglish.DoyoulikeEnglishWhatdoyoulike
ShelikesEnglish.ShedoesnotlikeEnglish.DoesshelikeEnglish.Whatdoesshelike
提问例词:
When问时间who问人whose问主人where问地点which问选择
why问原因whattime问时间whatcolor问颜色whatabout问意见
whatday问星期whatdate问日期whatplace问具体地点How问情况
howold问年龄howmany/much问数量、价钱howabout问意见howfar问路程
howlong问时间howsoon问时间howoften问频率
肯定句转否定句中特殊用法:
1.some变为any。
如:
Therearesomebirdsinthetree.→Therearen'tanybirdsinthetree.
但是,若在表示邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。
如:
Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice
与此相关的一些不定代词如something,somebody等也要进行相应变化。
2.and变为or。
如:
Ihaveaknifeandaruler.→Idon'thaveaknifeoraruler.
Youneedn’tworryaboutthejobandpay._Youneedn’tworryaboutthejoborpay.(Don’tneedto)
3.alotof(=lotsof)变为many(修饰可数n)或much(修饰不可数n)。
如:
Theyhavealotoffriends.(可数名词)→Theydon'thavemanyfriends.
Thereislotsoforangeinthebottle.(不可数名词)→Thereisn'tmuchorangeinthebottle.
4.already变为yet。
如:
Ihavebeentherealready.→Ihaven'tbeenthereyet.
Ihavesentyouthemailalready.→Ihaven’tsentyouthemailyet.
二:
疑问句questios分类:
一般疑问、特殊疑问、反意疑问、选择疑问
1.一般疑问句generalquestions:
yes/noquestions型,一般可由yes/no来回答;
11.一般疑问句的基本结构:
A.be/助/情态动词(becandohavewill等)+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),句子要读升调;
Eg:
Aretheyyourfriends?
?
?
Canyouplaybasketball?
Canyouswimtotheotherside?
?
?
Doeshegotoschoolonfoot?
?
?
DoyoulikeEnglish
Haveyoulockedthedoor?
?
?
Willyoubefreetonight?
以上均可用yes、no来回答。
B:
陈述句亦可用作一般疑问句,多用在非正式文体中,句末有问号,用升调;
Eg:
Somebodyiswithyou?
?
?
Hedidn’tfinishthework?
?
YouarefreshfromAmerica,Isuppose?
?
?
22.一般疑问句的回答:
除yes、no外,也可用certainly,probably,perhaps,ofcourse,allright,withpleasure等代替yes,用never,notatall等代替no;
Eg:
—Canyouhelpme?
?
?
—Certainly.?
?
—Couldyoupleasemakelessnoise?
?
?
—Allright,sir.
—Haveyoubeenthere?
?
?
—Never.
33.一般疑问句的否定式:
A.一般结构:
系/助/情态动词+not+主语;
也可为:
系/助/情态动词+主语+not。
Eg:
Doyounot/Don’tyoubelievemeIsitnot/Isn’titalovelyday
Areyounot/Aren’tyoucomingWillyounot/Won’tyousitdown
Ishenot/Isn’theadoctorWillhenot/Won’thegowithyou
DoesHelennot/Doesn’tHelenlikechocolate海伦不喜欢巧克力吗
B.否定疑问句并不单纯表示提问,它常常带有感情色彩;否定疑问句的完全式比简略式所表达的语气更强烈些;惊异、赞叹或责难等语气;暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答;表示邀请或建议;
Eg:
Haven’tyoureadthenewspaper?
?
?
Won’thecome?
他不来了啊?
?
Shouldn’twestartnow?
?
?
Wasn’titaninterestingfilm?
?
?
Wouldn’tyouliketogowithme?
?
?
Won’tyouhaveacupofcoffee?
?
?
44.一般疑问句否定式的回答:
否定的一般疑问句的答语中,yes的含义为“不”,no的含义为“是”,但在回答这类句子时,应该注意yes后接肯定结构,no后接否定结构,这和汉语习惯不同。
Eg:
—AreyounotMrSmith?
?
?
—Yes,I?
?
am.不,我是//?
?
—No,Iamnot.是的,我不是?
?
—Haven’tyoureadthisbookbefore?
—Yes,Ihave.不,我读过//—No,Ihaven’t.是的,我没有—Don’t?
?
youplaychess?
—Yes,Ido.不,我下棋//—No,Idon’t.是的,我不下棋。
?
?
教你一招:
在这样的答语中,只要根据实际情况来判断,如果事实上是,就用肯定的结构,前面接yes;如果事实上不是,就用否定结构,前面接no;但此时的yes、no应翻译成反义的中文。
2.特殊问句specialquestions:
wh-questions型问句,when.where.what.who.why.which.whose.
11.特殊疑问句的基本结构:
A.特殊疑问词+一般疑问句;即特殊疑问词+be/助/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他).
Eg:
Whoisitonthephone?
谁来的电话?
?
Howmanyorangescanyouseeinthepicture?
?
?
Wheredidyoulastseeit?
?
?
Whatdidyoueatyesterday?
?
Howdoyouusuallygotoschool?
?
?
Whatcanbedoneaboutit?
?
?
Whichareyours?
Whatdidyousay?
Whowouldliketocomeforagameoffootball?
Whydidn’tyoutellme?
?
?
B:
特殊疑问句有时可有一个以上的疑问词;
Eg:
Whichpresentdidyougivetowhom?
?
?
Whenandwheredidyoumeet?
C:
特殊疑问句有时须以介词开首;
Eg:
Bywhomisthebookwritten?
?
?
Sincewhenhaveyoulivedhere?
D:
疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,与陈述句的语序相同;
Eg:
Whoisintheroom?
谁在房间里?
?
?
E:
“why+一般疑问句否定式”这种结构一般表示劲告、建议、责备等,而不能归为特殊问句;
Eg:
Whydon’tyoucomeearlier?
?
?
Whynotgoskiing?
为何不去滑雪呢?
22.特殊疑问词:
疑问代词、疑问副词
A.疑问代词:
whowhomwhosewhichwhat
指认S指人O指所属关系,做定语后接n指人或物,一定范围、没规定范围的
Eg:
Whoisthegirlunderthetree?
Whoisnothere?
Whomareyouwritingto?
Whomdoyouwanttosee?
Whosepenisthis?
Whosearethoseshoes?
Whichgirlswillbeinthesportsmeeting?
Whichhatislily’s?
Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?
Whatisintheteacher’sroom?
B.疑问副词:
when/where/why/how/howold/howmany/much/howoften/soon/far/long
问时间地点原因方式年龄多少频率速度距离
Eg:
Whenwillshereturn?
Wheredoyoucomefrom?
Whyareyoulateforschool?
Howdoyouusuallygotoschool?
HowoldisJim’slittlebrother?
Howmanyfriendsdoyouhave
Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?
HowlongwillyoustayinBeijing?
Howoftendoy