英语四种基本句式.docx

1、英语四种基本句式英语四种基本句式：陈述、疑问、祈使和感叹句一：肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句例句：I am a student. He goes to school. I am not a boy. He does not go to school. Are you a student Do you / Does she like English What time (is it),please which is your pen What day today 问星期 what date is it today 问日期含be/am is are was were: This is a

2、book. Is this a book _ yes, it is / no, it isnt This is not a book. What is this what this is 不含be的，借助do/does: I like English. I do not like English. Do you like English What do you like She likes English. She does not like English. Does she like English. What does she like 提问例词：When 问时间 who 问人 whos

3、e 问主人 where问地点 which 问选择 why问原因 what time问时间 what color 问颜色 what about 问意见 what day问星期 what date问日期 what place 问具体地点 How 问情况 how old 问年龄 how many/much问数量、价钱 how about问意见 how far 问路程 how long 问时间 how soon 问时间 how often 问频率肯定句转否定句中特殊用法：1.some变为any。如：There are some birds in the tree. There arent any bi

4、rds in the tree. 但是，若在表示邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：Would you like some orange juice 与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。 2.and变为or。如：I have a knife and a ruler. I dont have a knife or a ruler. You neednt worry about the job and pay._ You neednt worry about the job or pay. (Dont need to)3.a lot of (=l

5、ots of)变为many(修饰可数n)或much(修饰不可数n)。如： They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）They dont have many friends. There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）There isnt much orange in the bottle. 4.already变为yet。如：I have been there already. I havent been there yet.I have sent you the mail already. I havent sent yo

6、u the mail yet.二：疑问句questios分类：一般疑问、特殊疑问、反意疑问、选择疑问1. 一般疑问句 general questions : yes/no questions 型，一般可由yes/no来回答；11.一般疑问句的基本结构：A . be/助/情态动词(be can do have will 等)+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),句子要读升调；Eg：Are they your friends？?Can you play basketball？ Can you swim to the other side？? Does he go to school on foot？?Do

7、 you like English Have you locked the door？?Will you be free tonight？ 以上均可用yes、no来回答。B: 陈述句亦可用作一般疑问句，多用在非正式文体中，句末有问号，用升调;Eg：Somebody is with you？?He didnt finish the work？?You are fresh from America，I suppose？?22.一般疑问句的回答：除yes、no外，也可用certainly，probably，perhaps，of course，all right，with pleasure等代替yes

8、，用never，not at all等代替no； Eg：Can you help me？?Certainly.?Could you please make less noise？?All right，sir. Have you been there？?Never.33.一般疑问句的否定式：A. 一般结构：系/助/情态动词+not+主语；也可为：系/助/情态动词+主语+not。Eg：Do you not/Dont you believe me Is it not / Isnt it a lovely day Are you not / Arent you coming Will you not

9、/Wont you sit down Is he not / Isnt he a doctor Will he not /Wont he go with youDoes Helen not /Doesnt Helen like chocolate 海伦不喜欢巧克力吗B.否定疑问句并不单纯表示提问，它常常带有感情色彩; 否定疑问句的完全式比简略式所表达的语气更强烈些; 惊异、赞叹或责难等语气; 暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答; 表示邀请或建议;Eg：Havent you read the newspaper？? Wont he come？他不来了啊？? Shouldnt we start now？?

10、 Wasnt it an interesting film？?Wouldnt you like to go with me？? Wont you have a cup of coffee？?44.一般疑问句否定式的回答：否定的一般疑问句的答语中，yes的含义为“不”，no的含义为“是”，但在回答这类句子时，应该注意yes后接肯定结构，no后接否定结构，这和汉语习惯不同。Eg：Are you not Mr Smith？?Yes，I?am.不，我是 /?No，I am not.是的，我不是?Havent you read this book before？Yes，I have.不，我读过/No，I

11、 havent.是的，我没有Dont?you play chess？Yes ，I do.不，我下棋 /No，I dont.是的，我不下棋。?教你一招：在这样的答语中，只要根据实际情况来判断，如果事实上是，就用肯定的结构，前面接yes；如果事实上不是，就用否定结构，前面接no；但此时的yes、no应翻译成反义的中文。 2. 特殊问句 special questions ：wh-questions型问句，when. where. what. who. why. which. whose.11.特殊疑问句的基本结构：A . 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句；即特殊疑问词+be/助/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+

12、(其他).Eg: Who is it on the phone？谁来的电话？? How many oranges can you see in the picture？?Where did you last see it？? What did you eat yesterday？? How do you usually go to school？?What can be done about it？? Which are yours？ What did you say？Who would like to come for a game of football？ Why didnt you te

13、ll me？?B: 特殊疑问句有时可有一个以上的疑问词;Eg: Which present did you give to whom？? When and where did you meet？ C: 特殊疑问句有时须以介词开首;Eg：By whom is the book written？? Since when have you lived here？D: 疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，与陈述句的语序相同;Eg: Who is in the room？谁在房间里？?E: “why+一般疑问句否定式”这种结构一般表示劲告、建议、责备等，而不能归为特殊问句; Eg: Why dont you c

14、ome earlier？? Why not go skiing？为何不去滑雪呢？22.特殊疑问词：疑问代词、疑问副词 A. 疑问代词：who whom whose which what 指认S 指人O 指所属关系，做定语后接n 指人或物，一定范围、没规定范围的Eg：Who is the girl under the tree？ Who is not here？ Whom are you writing to？ Whom do you want to see？ Whose pen is this？ Whose are those shoes？ Which girls will be in the

15、 sports meeting？ Which hat is lilys ？ What can you see in the picture？ What is in the teachers room？B疑问副词：when/where/ why /how /how old /how many/much/how often /soon/far/long问 时间 地点 原因 方式 年龄 多少 频率 速度 距离 Eg：When will she return？ Where do you come from？ Why are you late for school？ How do you usually go to school？ How old is Jims little brother？ How many friends do you have How far is it from your home to school？ How long will you stay in Beijing？ How often do y