人教版新目标高一英语语法非谓语动词Word文档格式.docx
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非谓语动词的使用条件：
一个单句中，已经存在一个谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。
Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.
SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.
Iwanthimtoseeyou.
一山不能容二虎，除非一公和一母
非谓语动词
动词不定式
动名词
分词
现在分词/过去分词
动词不定式（todo）
Theboywantstocutclassintheafternoon.（带宾语和状语）
Hehopedtohavepassedthatmathexam.（完成式）
Thethiefhappenedtobecaughtbythepolice.（被动式）
不定式的时态和语态变化：
一般式表示动词不定式的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或前后发生。
Themanislearningtodrive.（同时发生）
Helearnstomakeaspeechinpublic.（前后发生）
进行式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，而且本身的动作正在进行。
Heislikelytobetellingalietohismother.
Whentheteachercamein,hepretendedtobereadingthebook.
不定式完成式表示的动作先于谓语动词动作之前发生。
Hisparentsareproudtohavebeenseeingtheirson'
sachievementstheseyears.
不定式被动式表示不定式和逻辑主语之间构成动宾或者被动关系。
Tobepunishedmakeshimveryashamedandsad.
Nobodywantstobefooledbyothers.
Thebookistobepublished.
Themeetingtobeheldthisafternooniscancelled.
Hearrivedatthestation,onlytobetoldthetrainhadleft.
Peopleaskmeasurestobetakenrightaway.
【不定式的逻辑主语】
A.如果逻辑主语是动词不定式动作执行者，不定式用主动式；
如果逻辑主语是动作的承受者，不定式用被动式。
Ourbossaskedmetofinishthetask.
Ourbossaskedthetasktobefinished.
B.在“名词（代词）+be+easy（difficult/fit）+不定式”结构中，尽管主语是动作的承受者，两者构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即被动关系，形式上却用主动形式。
Theproblemisdifficulttosolve.
Thispuzzleiseasytoguess.
Themanishardtogetalongwith.
C.在therebe存在句中用不定式的主动语态和被动语态均可。
Thereisalotofhomeworktodo.
Thereisalotofhomeworktobedone.
Therearemanyfilestoarrange.
Therearemanyfilestobearranged.
D.havesthtodo“有…要做”，逻辑主语为自己；
havesthdone“要别人做”逻辑主语为别人，动作已经完成；
havesthtobedone“要别人帮自己做”，逻辑主语为别人，动作还没发生。
Ihavealotofworktodo.
Ihavemyhaircut.
I'
mgoingtothepostoffice.Doyouhaveanylettertobeposted?
【不带to的动词不定式】
A.当两个或两个以上不定式并列时，从第二个不定式开始往往省略不定符号to，以避免重复。
Heplannedtopayavisittoshanghaiandstaythereforseveraldays.
It'
salittledifficulttounderstand,explainandsolvetheproblem.
B.在使役动词及感官类动词后，常用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如：
let,make,have,hear,listento,see,watch,observe,notice等。
Mymotherhasmecleanthefloor.
Inoticedthethiefescapefromtheshop.
C.在固定词组：
hadbetter,wouldrather…（than）,connotbut,can'
tchoosebut,can'
thelpbut,may/might（just）aswell,donothingexcept（but）等结构中。
You'
dbettertakeanumbrellawithyou.
Iwouldratherdiethangivein.
Shecan'
tchoosebutwaitforthenextbus.
Youmayjustaswellturntoyourteacherforsomehelp.
IhavenothingtodobutwatchTV.
【不定式的句法功能】
【作主语】
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正主语不定式后置。
Towinamedalisagreathonor.
=Itisagreathonortowinamedal.
Tohavefinishedthepapersmakeshimfree.
=Itmakeshimfreetohavefinishedthepapers.
Forhimtosaysorryisoutofthequestion.
HowtostudyEnglishisofgreatimportance.
【作表语】
1.表示目的、用途。
Theknifeistocutthings.
Toliveistomakecontributionstoourcountry.
2.表示“计划、打算、安排、命令、决定、禁止”等含义。
WearetopayavisittoYellowMountainnextweek.
Everyoneistoremainafterthemeeting.
Youaretocometoclassaheadoftime.
Peoplearenottopickflowersinthepark.
【作宾语】
1.下列动词常跟不定式作宾语：
agree,decide,mean,want,expect,refuse,choose,fail,determine,hope,long,wish,desire,plan,learn,offer,attempt,seek,intend,tend,claim,pretend,manage,promise,afford等。
Iwanttogobacknow.
Sheexpectstogotocollegeearlier.
Jimofferstohelpthegirlwithhermath.
2.动词feel,think,find,believe,consider等动词后如果跟不定式作宾语而且补足语是形容词（或名词）时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的不定式宾语后置。
Ifinditdifficulttocommunicatewiththeforeigners.
Hethinksitpossibletocatchthefirstbus.
Iconsidereditapitytomissthatwonderfullecture.
Peoplebelieveitahardjobtogetusedtotheenvironment.
【作定语】
1.动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系。
如果不定式为不及物动词其后应有介词。
Theboyasksapieceofcaketoeat.
Hehasacomfortableflattolivein.
Sheisagoodgirltomakefriendswith.
Ihaveabigbagtotravelwith.
2.不定式用在therebe存在句中作后置定语。
Therearemanydishesformymothertowash.
Thereisanimportantissuetodiscussinthemeeting.
3.由常跟不定式的动词或形容词派生而来的名词也常跟不定式作后置定语。
Ihadtheabilitytooperatethemachine.
Hecametohisfinaldecisiontoattendthisexam.
Ihopemywishtobecomeanexpertcancometrue.
4.thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thebest,theonly等序数词及最高级形容词在句中充当被修饰词或作定语时，后用不定式作后置定语。
Heisalwaysthefirsttoarrive.
Themanisthelastpersontoleavethemeeting.
Heistheonlymantodisagreetotheplan.
【作补语】
Mymotherasksmetopickupmygrandpa.
Heencouragesmetomakegreateffortstostudy.
Themanwarnedmenottoprovokethetiger.
Iwastoldtoleaverightaway.
Thegirlwasremindedtogetchanged.
【作状语】
a.表示目的
不定式作目的状语时，其动作发生在谓语动词动作之后，一般放在放在句子后面，表示强调时，也可位于句首。
前面可以加上inorder或soas，inordertodo可位于句首或句中，而soastodo只能位于句中。
不定式作状语时不能用nottodo，必须用inordernottodo或soasnottodo。
Icomeheretoseemysickaunt.
Inordertomakeprogresswemustsparenopains.
Wemustsparenopainssoasto（inorderto）makeprogress.
Inordernottomissthetrain,hegotupearly.
Hegotupearlysoasnottomissthetrain.
b.表示结果
不定式常表示出乎意料的结果，常同only,never连用。
Hecamebackonlytofindtheroombrokeninto.
Themanwenttohisofficeonlytobetoldhehadbeendismissed.
Theprofessorwentabroadnevertocomeback.
C.表示原因
不定式常跟在一些形容词或过去分词后，说明产生某种情绪的原因。
mgladtoseeyou.
Hefeltverysadtohearofthebadnews.
d.表示条件
动词不定式也可表示条件，一般置于句首，否定不定式表示条件时多置于句尾，相当于if引导的条件状语从句，谓语常含有will,shall,would,should,may,might,can,could,must等。
Toseeher,youwillloveher.
（=Ifyouseeher）
Youwillmakeprogresstostudyhard.
（=Ifyoustudyhard）
Todisobeytrafficrules,youwouldbedoneafine.（=Ifyoudidn'
tobeythetrafficrules）
Youwillsolveittogethelpfromhim.
（=Ifyougethelpfromhim）
e.表示态度
作评注状语，在句中作独立成分。
常见的有：
totellthetruth,tobetrue,sadtosay,strangetosay,tomakealongstoryshort,truthtosay,tobeplain/frank,tobebrief,tobeexact,tobehonest,tosumup,tostart/beginwith,toconclude,tosaynothingof,toputitstraight,tomakemattersworse等。
Tomakemattersworse,itstormed.
Totellthetruth,thisisabadmethod.
Tosaytheleastofit,heisahappyboy.
Strangetosay,thethiefdaredtobreakinwheresomebodywasathome.
【不定式的复合结构】
for/of+逻辑主语+todo
Itiseasyforyoutoworkouttheplan.
Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.
Ifinditdifficultforthelittleboytoraisethebox.
Whathemeantwasforyoutomakethefinaldecision.
OnthedeskisaChinese-Englishdictionaryforyoutoreferto.
Igaveheramapforhertofindtheway.
1.Johnwasmade____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.
A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing
2.I_____youoffyesterday,butIdidn’thavetime.
A.hopetohavebeenB.hopetosee
C.hopedtohaveseenD.hopedtosee
3.I___himafavorseveraldaysago.
A.promisetodoB.promisetohavedone
C.promisedtodoD.promisedtohavedone
4.Iamglad___byhimyesterday.
A.nottobeseenB.tonothavebeenseen
C.nottohavebeenseenD.tonotbeseen
5.Iamsorrynot____ittoyousoon.
A.mailedB.mailingC.tohavemailedD.havemailed
6.MrWhitewasseen_____thePalaceMuseum.
A.enterB.toenterC.enteredD.tohaveentered
7.Ihadrather____himtodaythantomorrow.
A.seenB.seeC.sawD.tosee
8.hewouldratherstayathomethan______outwithyou.
A.goB.togoC.goingD.goes
9.Shecannothelp______whensheheardthebadnews.
A.burstintotearsB.burstingintotears
C.toburstintotearsD.toburstouttears
10.Wouldyoube______todomeafavor,please?
A.sokindasB.tookindC.askindasD.enoughkind
11.Theplay_____nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.
A.producedB.beingproduced
C.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced
12.Nowwecouldnottodoanythingbut____forhimhere.
A.waitB.waitingC.towaitD.waited
13.Thelostchilddesirednothingbut_____home.
A.togoB.goingC.wentD.go
14.Theteachertoldthepupilstostandinrowand_____loudly.
A.notcalloutB.nottocalloutC.tonotcalledoutD.notcalledout
15.Yourchestneeds____.You’dbetterhaveit_____inthehospital.
A.tobeexamined;
examineB.tobeexamined;
examined
C.examining;
examineD.beingexamined;
examined
16.---Gotothecinemawithme,willyou?
---Ishouldlike____,butIdon’thavetime.
A.toB.tooC.todoD.going
17.---HowaboutgoingforaswimthisSunday?
---_____verymuch.
A.I’lllikeitB.I’dlikeitC.I’llliketoD.I’dliketo
18.You_____stayheretillyourfathercomestotakeyouback.
A.hadbetterB.hadbettertoC.wouldratherD.wouldratherto
19.Shepretended_____mewhenIpassedby.
A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen
20.---Whichdoyoulikebetter,readingorwriting?
---IliketoreadbutIwouldrather______.
A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.inwriting
21.Imeant____youwithyourhomeworkbutfatherdidn’tpermitmeto.
A.tohelpB.tohavehelpedC.helpingD.havinghelped
22.TolearntospeakEnglishwell,____.
A.muchpracticeisneededB.oneneedsmuchpractice
C.muchpracticeisneededbyoneD.oneisneededmuchpractice
23.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_____losehisjob.
A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto
24.LastsummerItookac
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