人教版新目标高一英语语法非谓语动词Word文档格式.docx

1、非谓语动词的使用条件：一个单句中，已经存在一个谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。The teachers sitting there are from other schools.Swimming in Summer, we can get cool.I want him to see you.一山不能容二虎，除非一公和一母非谓语动词动词不定式动名词分词现在分词/过去分词动词不定式（to do）The boy wants to cut class in the afternoon. （带宾语和状语）He hoped to have passed that math exam.

2、 （完成式）The thief happened to be caught by the police. （被动式）不定式的时态和语态变化：一般式表示动词不定式的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或前后发生。The man is learning to drive. （同时发生）He learns to make a speech in public. （前后发生）进行式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，而且本身的动作正在进行。He is likely to be telling a lie to his mother.When the teacher came in, he pretended to

3、 be reading the book.不定式完成式表示的动作先于谓语动词动作之前发生。His parents are proud to have been seeing their sons achievements these years.不定式被动式表示不定式和逻辑主语之间构成动宾或者被动关系。To be punished makes him very ashamed and sad.Nobody wants to be fooled by others.The book is to be published.The meeting to be held this afternoon

4、is cancelled.He arrived at the station, only to be told the train had left.People ask measures to be taken right away.【不定式的逻辑主语】A.如果逻辑主语是动词不定式动作执行者，不定式用主动式；如果逻辑主语是动作的承受者，不定式用被动式。Our boss asked me to finish the task.Our boss asked the task to be finished.B.在“名词（代词）+be+easy（difficult/fit）+不定式”结构中，尽管主语

5、是动作的承受者，两者构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即被动关系，形式上却用主动形式。The problem is difficult to solve.This puzzle is easy to guess.The man is hard to get along with.C.在there be存在句中用不定式的主动语态和被动语态均可。There is a lot of homework to do.There is a lot of homework to be done.There are many files to arrange.There are many files to be arra

6、nged.D.have sth to do“有要做”，逻辑主语为自己；have sth done“要别人做”逻辑主语为别人，动作已经完成；have sth to be done“要别人帮自己做”，逻辑主语为别人，动作还没发生。I have a lot of work to do.I have my hair cut.Im going to the post office. Do you have any letter to be posted?【不带to的动词不定式】A.当两个或两个以上不定式并列时，从第二个不定式开始往往省略不定符号to，以避免重复。He planned to pay a v

7、isit to shanghai and stay there for several days.Its a little difficult to understand, explain and solve the problem.B.在使役动词及感官类动词后，常用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：let, make, have, hear, listen to, see, watch, observe, notice等。My mother has me clean the floor.I noticed the thief escape from the shop.C.在固定词组：ha

8、d better, would rather（than）, connot but, cant choose but, cant help but, may/might（just） as well, do nothing except（but）等结构中。Youd better take an umbrella with you.I would rather die than give in.She cant choose but wait for the next bus.You may just as well turn to your teacher for some help.I have

9、 nothing to do but watch TV.【不定式的句法功能】 【作主语】动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正主语不定式后置。To win a medal is a great honor.=It is a great honor to win a medal.To have finished the papers makes him free.=It makes him free to have finished the papers.For him to say sorry is out of the question.How to study English i

10、s of great importance. 【作表语】 1.表示目的、用途。The knife is to cut things.To live is to make contributions to our country.2.表示“计划、打算、安排、命令、决定、禁止”等含义。We are to pay a visit to Yellow Mountain next week.Everyone is to remain after the meeting.You are to come to class ahead of time.People are not to pick flower

11、s in the park.【作宾语】1.下列动词常跟不定式作宾语：agree, decide, mean, want, expect, refuse, choose, fail, determine, hope, long, wish, desire, plan, learn, offer, attempt, seek, intend, tend, claim, pretend, manage, promise, afford等。I want to go back now.She expects to go to college earlier.Jim offers to help the

12、girl with her math.2.动词feel, think, find, believe, consider等动词后如果跟不定式作宾语而且补足语是形容词（或名词）时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的不定式宾语后置。I find it difficult to communicate with the foreigners.He thinks it possible to catch the first bus.I considered it a pity to miss that wonderful lecture.People believe it a hard job to get

13、 used to the environment.【作定语】1.动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系。如果不定式为不及物动词其后应有介词。The boy asks a piece of cake to eat.He has a comfortable flat to live in.She is a good girl to make friends with.I have a big bag to travel with.2.不定式用在there be存在句中作后置定语。There are many dishes for my mother to wash.There is an im

14、portant issue to discuss in the meeting.3.由常跟不定式的动词或形容词派生而来的名词也常跟不定式作后置定语。I had the ability to operate the machine.He came to his final decision to attend this exam.I hope my wish to become an expert can come true.4.the first, the second, the last, the best, the only等序数词及最高级形容词在句中充当被修饰词或作定语时，后用不定式作后

15、置定语。He is always the first to arrive.The man is the last person to leave the meeting.He is the only man to disagree to the plan.【作补语】My mother asks me to pick up my grandpa.He encourages me to make great efforts to study.The man warned me not to provoke the tiger.I was told to leave right away.The g

16、irl was reminded to get changed.【作状语】a.表示目的不定式作目的状语时，其动作发生在谓语动词动作之后，一般放在放在句子后面，表示强调时，也可位于句首。前面可以加上in order或so as，in order to do可位于句首或句中，而so as to do只能位于句中。不定式作状语时不能用not to do，必须用in order not to do或so as not to do。I come here to see my sick aunt.In order to make progress we must spare no pains.We mus

17、t spare no pains so as to （in order to） make progress.In order not to miss the train, he got up early.He got up early so as not to miss the train.b.表示结果不定式常表示出乎意料的结果，常同only, never连用。He came back only to find the room broken into.The man went to his office only to be told he had been dismissed.The pr

18、ofessor went abroad never to come back.C.表示原因不定式常跟在一些形容词或过去分词后，说明产生某种情绪的原因。m glad to see you.He felt very sad to hear of the bad news.d.表示条件动词不定式也可表示条件，一般置于句首，否定不定式表示条件时多置于句尾，相当于if引导的条件状语从句，谓语常含有will, shall, would, should, may, might, can, could, must等。To see her, you will love her. （=If you see her

19、）You will make progress to study hard. （=If you study hard）To disobey traffic rules, you would be done a fine. （=If you didnt obey the traffic rules）You will solve it to get help from him. （=If you get help from him）e.表示态度作评注状语，在句中作独立成分。常见的有：to tell the truth, to be true, sad to say, strange to say,

20、 to make a long story short, truth to say, to be plain/frank, to be brief, to be exact, to be honest, to sum up, to start/begin with, to conclude, to say nothing of, to put it straight, to make matters worse等。To make matters worse, it stormed.To tell the truth, this is a bad method.To say the least

21、of it, he is a happy boy.Strange to say, the thief dared to break in where somebody was at home.【不定式的复合结构】for/of+逻辑主语+to doIt is easy for you to work out the plan.It is very kind of you to help me.I find it difficult for the little boy to raise the box.What he meant was for you to make the final dec

22、ision.On the desk is a Chinese-English dictionary for you to refer to.I gave her a map for her to find the way.1. John was made_ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 2. I _you off yesterday, but I did nt have time. A. hope to have been B. hope to see C

23、. hoped to have seen D. hoped to see3. I _him a favor several days ago.A. promise to do B. promise to have doneC. promised to do D. promised to have done 4. I am glad _by him yesterday.A. not to be seen B. to not have been seen C. not to have been seen D. to not be seen5. I am sorry not _it to you s

24、oon.A. mailed B. mailing C. to have mailed D. have mailed 6. Mr White was seen _the Palace Museum .A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to have entered7. I had rather _him today than tomorrow.A. seen B. see C. saw D. to see8. he would rather stay at home than _out with you.A. go B. to go C. going D. g

25、oes9. She cannot help _ when she heard the bad news.A. burst into tears B. bursting into tears C. to burst into tears D. to burst out tears10. Would you be _ to do me a favor, please?A. so kind as B. too kind C. as kind as D. enough kind11. The play_ next month aims mainly to reflect the local cultu

26、re. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced12. Now we could not to do anything but _for him here.A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited13. The lost child desired nothing but _ home.A. to go B. going C. went D. go14. The teacher told the pupils to stand in row and _lo

27、udly.A. not call out B. not to call out C. to not called out D. not called out15. Your chest needs_. Youd better have it_ in the hospital. A. to be examined; examine B. to be examined; examined C. examining; examine D. being examined; examined16. - Go to the cinema with me, will you? - I should like

28、 _, but I dont have time.A. to B. too C. to do D. going17. -How about going for a swim this Sunday? - _ very much.A. Ill like it B. Id like it C. Ill like to D. Id like to18. You _stay here till your father comes to take you back.A. had better B. had better to C. would rather D. would rather to19. S

29、he pretended_ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen20. -Which do you like better, reading or writing? - I like to read but I would rather_. A. write B. to write C. writing D. in writing21. I meant_ you with your homework but father did nt permit me to. A.

30、to help B. to have helped C. helping D. having helped22. To learn to speak English well, _. A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice23. Tom kept quiet about the accident_ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to24. Last summer I took a c