四级真题与解析卷二Word文件下载.docx
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ThefarmwevisitedislocatedinthesuburbofBeijingandfarawayfromourschool,whichcoversanareaof1000squarefeet.Alongwithnativefoodslikericeandpotatoes,thefarmersonthefarmgrowmanyorganicvegetables,includingcorn,cucumbers,tomatoesandsoforth.Besides,thefarmbreedsahostoflocalspeciessuchasdairycattle,geese,chickenbymodernscientifictechnique.Oneofthemostimpressivethingsforusisthatbymeansofgreenfarmingmethods,theproblemofenvironmentalpollutionhasbeeneffectivelyalleviated.
Thisoutdoorsactivityhasareallydeepimpressionforus.Notonlydiditgetusclosertothenatureandrelievepressurefromus,italsoenhanceourprofessionalknowledgeabouthusbandrytechnology.
PartⅢReadingSectionA
ThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasinthepastdecademoved2,000milesaway.Ithas_____(27)fromDetroittoSiliconValley,whereself-drivingvehiclesarecomingintolife.
Ina_____(28)totakeproductionbacktoDetroit,Michiganlawmakershaveintroduced_____(29)thatcouldmaketheirstatethebestplaceinthecountry,ifnottheworld,todevelopself-drivingvehiclesandputthemontheroad.
"
Michigan'
s_____(30)inautoresearchanddevelopmentisunderattackfromseveralstatesandcountrieswhichdesireto_____(31)ourleadershipintransportation.Wecan'
tlethappen,"
saysSenatorMikeKowall,thelead_____(32)offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.
Ifallfourbillspassaswritten,theywould_____(33)asubstantialupdateofMichigan'
s2013lawthatallowedthetestingofself-drivingvehiclesinlimitedconditions.Manufacturerwouldhavenearlytotalfreedomtotesttheirself-drivingtechnologyonpublicroads.Theywouldbeallowedtosendgroupsofself-drivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips,andevenseton-demand_____(34)ofself-drivingcars,liketheoneGeneralMotorsandLyftarebuilding.
LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttomakethestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationofself-drivingtechnology.In_____(35),California,homeofSiliconValley,recentlyproposedfarmore_____(36)rulesthatwouldrequirehumandriversbereadytotakethewheel,andcommercialuseofself-drivingtechnology.
27、【题干】_____.
【选项】
A.bid
B.contrast
C.deputy
D.dominance
E.fleets
F.knots
G.legislation
H.migrated
I.replace
J.represent
K.restrictive
L.reward
M.significant
N.sponsor
O.transmitted
【答案】H
28、【题干】_____.
【答案】A
29、【题干】_____.
【答案】G
30、【题干】_____.
【答案】D
31、【题干】_____.
【答案】I
32、【题干】_____.
【答案】N
33、【题干】_____.
【答案】J
34、【题干】_____.
【答案】E
35、【题干】_____.
【答案】B
36、【题干】_____.
【答案】K
PartⅢReadingSectionB
MakeStuff,Fail,AndLearnWhileYou'
reAtIt
[A]We'
vealwaysbeenahands-on,do-it-yourselfkindofnation.BenFranklin,oneofAmerica'
sfoundingfathers,didn'
tjustinventthelightningrod.Hiscreationsincludeglasses,innovativestovesandmore.
[B]Franklin,whowaslargelyself-taught,mayhavebeenagenius,buthewasn'
treallyanexceptionwhenitcomestoAmericanmakingandcreativity.
[C]ThepersonalcomputingrevolutionandphilosophyofdisruptiveinnovationofSiliconValleygrew,inpart,outofthecreationsoftheHomebrewComputerClub,WhichwasfoundedinagarageinMenloPark,California,inthemid-1970s.Members—includingguysnamedJobsandWozniak—startedmakingandinventingthingstheycouldn'
tbuy.
[D]Soit'
snosurprisethattheMakerMovementtodayisthrivingincommunitiesandsomeschoolsacrossAmerica.Makingisavailabletoordinarypeoplewhoaren'
ttiedtobigcompanies,bigdefenselabsorresearchuniversities.ThemakerphilosophyechoesoldideasadvocatedbyJohnDewey,Montessori,andevenancientGreekphilosophers,aswepointedoutrecently.
[E]Thesemakerspacesareoftenoutsideofclassrooms,andareservinganimportanteducationalfunction.TheMakerMovementisrediscoveringlearningbydoing,whichisDewey'
sphrasefrom100yearsago.WearerediscoveringDeweyandMontessoriandalotofthepracticesthattheypioneeredthathavebeenforgottenoratleastputaside.Amakerspaceisaplacewhichcanbeinaschool,butitdoesn'
tlooklikeaclassroom.Itcanbeinalibrary.Itcanbeoutinthecommunity.Ithastoolsandmaterials.It'
saplacewhereyougettomakethingsbasedonyourinterestandonwhatyou'
relearningtodo.
[F]Ideasaboutlearningbydoinghavestruggledtobecomemainstreameducationally,despitebeingoldconceptsfromDeweyandMontessori,PlatoandAristotle,andintheAmericanContcxt,RalphEmerson,onthevalueofexperienceandself-reliance.It'
snotnecessarilyanefficientwaytolearn.Welearn,inasense,bytrialanderror.Learningfromexperienceissomethingthattakestimeandpatience.It'
sveryindividualized.Ifyourgoalistohavestandardizedapproachestolearning,whereeverybodylearnsthesamethingatthesametimeinthesameway,thenlearningbydoingdoesn'
treallyfitthatmoldanymore.It'
snottheworldoftextbooks.It'
snottheworldoftesting.
[G]Learningbydoingmaynotbeefficient,butitiseffective.Project-basedlearninghasgrowninpopularitywithteachersandadministrators.However,project-basedlearningisnotmaking.Althoughthereisaconnection,thereisalsoadistinction.Thedifferenceliesinwhethertheprojectisinasensedefinedanddevelopedbythestudentorwhetherit'
sassignedbyateacher.We'
llallgetthekidstobuildasmallboat.WeareallgoingtolearnaboutX,Y,andZ.Thattendstobeoneformofproject-basedlearning.
[H]Ireallybelievethecoreideaofmakingistohaveanideawithinyourhead—oryoujustborrowitfromsomeone—andbegintodevelopit,repeatitandimproveit.Then,realizethatideasomehow.Thatthingthatyoumakeisvaluabletoyouandyoucanshareitwithothers.I'
minterestedinhowthesethingsareexpressionsofthatperson,theirideas,andtheirinteractionswiththeworld.
[I]Insomeways,alotofformsofmakinginschooltrivialize(使变得无足轻重)making.Thethingthatyoumakehasnovaluetoyou.Onceyouaredonedemonstratingwhateverconceptwasinthetextbook,youthrowawaythepipecleaners,thecardboardtubes.
[J]Makingshouldbestudent-directedandstudent-led,otherwiseit'
sboring.Itdoesn'
thavethemotivationofthestudent.I'
mnotsayingthatstudentsshouldnotlearnconceptsornotlearnskills.Theydo.Buttoreallyharnesstheirmotivationistobuildupontheirinterest.It'
stoletthembeincontrolandtodrivethecar.
[K]Teachersshouldaimtobuildasupportive,creativeenvironmentforstudentstodothiswork.Averysocialenvironment,wheretheyarelearningfromeachother.Whentheyhaveaproblem,itisn'
ttheteachernecessarilycomingintosolveit.Theyareresponsibleforworkingthroughthatproblem.Itmightbetheyha