科技英语阅读课后答案Word格式.docx

科技英语阅读课后答案Word格式.docx

《科技英语阅读课后答案Word格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《科技英语阅读课后答案Word格式.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

4）themediaoftencomparesfacebooktomyspace,butonesignificantdifferencebetweenthe

twowebsitesisthelevelofcustomization.

5）thepatentmayencouragefacebooktopursueactionagainstwebsitesthatviolatethepatent,

whichmaypotentiallyincludewebsitessuchastwitter.

4.directions:

changethefollowingsentencesintonominalizedones.

1）networksecurityhasbecomeamajorconcernfororganizationsandindividuals.

2）forthesereasons,makinganoperatingsystemreadyandavailableishelpful.

3）thesecuritypolicydevelopmentprocessmayalsoinvolvetheidentificationofprotection.

4）rather,itisabriefdescriptionofanumberofimportantproductfeatures,suchastheinputmethod,networkconnectivity,operatingsystem,anddatabasecapabilities.

5）whileformulatingtheinterviewplan,designersshouldworkcloselywithprojectstakeholderswhohaveaccesstousers.

unit4

3.directions:

1）giventhatrobotsgenerallylackmuscles,theycantrelyonmusclememory（thetrick

thatallowsourbodiestobecomefamiliarovertimewithmovementssuchaswalkingorbreathing）tohelpthemmoreeasilycompleterepetitivetasks.

2）forautonomousrobots,thiscanbeabitofaproblem,sincetheymayhaveto

accommodatechangingterraininrealtimeorriskgettingstuckorlosingtheirbalance.

3）onewayaroundthisistocreatearobotthatcanprocessinformationfromavarietyof

sensorspositionednearits―legs‖andidentifydifferentpatternsasitmoves,ateamofresearchersreportsundayinnaturephysics.

4）somescientistsrelyonsmallneuralcircuitscalledcentralpatterngenerators（cpg）to

createwalkingrobotsthatareawareoftheirsurroundings.

5）bernsteincenterforcomputationalneuroscienceresearcherporamatemanoonpong

andmaxplanckinstitutefordynamicsandself-organizationresearchermarctimmeareleadingaprojectthathascreatedasix-leggedrobotwithonecpgthatcanswitchgaitsdependingupontheobstaclesitencounters.

changethefollowingsentencesintothepassive-voiceones.1）anoveltwistisintroducedonthistraditionalapproach（bythenewfieldofexperimental

philosophy）.

2）thesearchtounderstandpeople’sordinaryintuitionsiscontinued（byexperimental

philosophers）.

3）thisisaccomplishedbyusingthemethodsofcontemporarycognitivescience—

experimentalstudies,statisticalanalyses,cognitivemodels,andsoforth.

4）justinthepastyearorso,thisnewapproachhasbeenbeingapplied（byanumberof

researchers）tothestudyofintuitionsaboutconsciousness.

5）howpeoplethinkaboutthemindcanbebetterunderstoodbybystudyinghowpeople

thinkaboutthreedifferenttypesofabstractentities.

unit7geneticengineering

2.directions:

completethesentenceswiththewordsgiveninthebrackets.changetheformif

necessary.

1）restrictionenzymeisanendonucleasethatcutsdnaatsitesdefinedbyitsrecognitionsequence.

dna限制内切酶是一种酸内切酶，它能够在其识别序列指定的部位切割dna。

2）geneticinformationisencodedbydnaandarrangedintheformofgenes.

遗传信息的基本单位是dna（脱氧核糖核酸），以基因的形式排列组合在一起。

3）themainadvancesmadeinmedicineduringtherenaissance（c.1350–c.1600;

aeuropeanrevivalofclassicalgreekandromanculture）wasgreaterunderstandingofhumananatomy（partsofthebody）.

医药科学在文艺复兴时期（大致是1300年-1600年之间的一段历史时期，以古希腊罗马文化的复兴为主要标志）取得的最大进展之一就是对人体解剖结构的理解。

4）thesearethepremiseonwhichmurphyslawisbased.

这些就是莫菲定律的理论前提。

5）theflightisculminatedwithathrillingthree-dimensionalsmokechase,eachaircraftalternatingleadandfollowpositionsacrossthesky.

一场动人心魄的三维烟雾追逐表演将整个活动推向高潮。

在这场表演中，观众可以看到每一架参演的飞机都在天空中不断改变自己的位置，一会儿在前，一会儿在后。

6）supervisedteachingpracticumisdesignedtoestablishtheknowledgebasisofoncologynursing.

在导师指导下进行的教学实践课程是肿瘤科护士学习专业知识所必需的环节。

7）goodwillprevailoverevilintheend.

善终会战胜恶。

8）ecologyisthereforeaperquisitetoeradicationorelimination,andwillbeessentialtosustainingsuccessinthelongterm.

因此，生态环境是生物灭绝或消失的先决条件，从长远上讲也是物种成功生存的重要条件。

9）theisolationofenzymefromorganismsisavitalstepingeneticengineering

将切割酶从生物体中分离出来是基因工程中的重要步骤。

10）theadventofgeneticengineeringhasremovedtheseconstraints,andhasgiventhe

agriculturalscientistaverypowerfulwayofincorporatingdefinedgeneticchangesintoplants.

基因工程近来取得的进展已经突破了这类技术限制。

在农业科学家手中，这些进展转化成了改变世界的有力武器。

真是因为有了这类武器，他们现在能将特定的基因变异特征移植到植物中。

1）ourcurrentknowledgeofembryologicaldevelopment,asshowninfig.13.1,hasbeenestablishedoveralongperiod.

source:

anintroductiontogeneticengineering,secondedition,p.249.cambridge:

cambridgeuniversitypress.

2）theproductionofatransgenicorganisminvolvesalteringthegenomesothatapermanentchangeiseffected.

anintroductiontogeneticengineering,secondedition,p.224.cambridge:

3）theannouncementofthebirthofdollyinapaperinthejournalnatureinfebruary1997rockedthescientificcommunity.

4）aswithmanyopposingtheories,thereareaspectsofeachthatcanbeconsideredvaluableeventoday.

5）despitethesedifficulties,methodsforthegenerationoftransgenicplantsandanimalsarenowwellestablished.

1）topreventtheenzymeactingonthehostcelldna,themodificationenzymeofthesystem（amethylase）modifiesthehostdnabymethylationofparticularbasesintherestrictionenzyme’srecognitionsequence.

2）furtherdescriptorstothenominationofanendonucleasemaybeadded,dependingonthebacterialstraininvolvedandonthepresenceorabsenceofextrachromosomalelements.

3）however,aswellasbeinguseful,ribonucleasescanposesomeunwantedproblems.

4）coupledwithaslow-actingendonuclease,itsprimaryactivityisafast-acting3’exonuclease.

5）usedinmanygeneticengineeringprocedures,polymeraseenzymessynthesizecopiesofnucleicacidmolecules.

unit8spaceexploration

sectioncpost-readingtask

readingcomprehension

readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandfillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesyou’velearnedinthetext.godsandgoddesseswhendisastersfloodsordiseaseshappenedwarning.obeyedcertaindefinitescientificrules.thatwasthemaincauseoftheideaofscientificvocabularyandstructure

1.word-building（prediction）them.（unsubscribe）（undetermined）2.directions:

【篇二：

科技英语阅读课后答案（完整版）】

ass=txt>

partiestreading

reading1（/article.cfm?

id=what-is-russells-paradox

sectionapre-readingtask

warm-upquestions:

workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.

1.whoisbertrandrussell?

bertrandarthurwilliamrussell（b.1872–d.1970）wasabritishphilosopher,logician,essayistandsocialcriticbestknownforhisworkinmathematicallogicandanalyticphilosophy.hismostinfluentialcontributionsincludehisdefenseoflogicism（theviewthatmathematicsisinsomeimportantsensereducibletologic）,hisrefiningofthepredicatecalculusintroducedby（whichstillformsthebasisofmostcontemporarylogic）,hisdefenseof（theviewthattheworldconsistsofjustonetypeofsubstancethatisneitherexclusivelymentalnorexclusivelyphysical）,andhistheoriesofandrussellisgenerallyrecognizedasoneofthefoundersofmodernanalyticphilosophy,andisregularlycreditedwithbeingoneofthemostimportantlogiciansofthetwentiethcentury.

2.whatisrussell‘sparadox?

russelldiscoveredtheparadoxthatbearshisnamein1901,whileworkingonhisprinciplesofmathematics（1903）.theparadoxarisesinconnectionwiththesetofallsetsthatarenotmembersofthemselves.suchaset,ifitexists,willbeamemberofitselfifandonlyifitisnotamemberofitself.theparadoxissignificantsince,usingclassicallogic,allsentencesareentailedbyacontradiction.russellsdiscoverythuspromptedalargeamountofworkinlogic,settheory,andthephilosophyandfoundationsofmathematics.

3.whateffectdidrussell‘sparadoxhaveongottlobfregg‘ssystem?

atfirstfregeobservedthattheconsequencesofrussell‘sparadoxarenotimmediatelyclear.forexample,―isitalwayspermissibletospeakoftheextensionofaconcept,ofaclass?

andifnot,howdowerecognizetheexceptionalcases?

canwealwaysinferfromtheextensionofoneconcept‘scoincidingwiththatofasecond,thateveryobjectwhichfallsunderthefirstconceptalsofallsunderthesecond?

becauseofthesekindsofworries,fregeeventuallyfeltforcedtoabandonmanyofhisviews.

4.whatisrussell‘sresponsetotheparadox?

russellsownresponsetotheparadoxcamewiththedevelopmentofhistheoryoftypesin

5.haveyoueverheardofzermelo-fraenkelsettheory.?

canyougiveanaccountofi