英国文学选读问题答案和参考资料Word下载.docx
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1.Ismarriageanimpedimentorhelptoone’scareerdevelopment?
IntheeasyOfMarriageandSinglelife,Baconprefersmarriagetosinglelife.Hethinks“unmarriedmenarebestfriends;
bestmasters;
bestservants;
butnotalwaysbestsubjects;
fortheyarelighttorunaway;
andalmostallfugitivesareofthatcondition”,“Wivesareyoungmen’smistresses;
companionsformiddleage;
andoldmen’snurses”.
Ihavetosayhiswordscanstillbetruetoday;
I’mathisback,thoughmanyyoungpeoplenowchoosetoremainsinglenomatermaleorfemale.Butsince“3Sladies”or“overleftladies”becomethecatchword,thefemaleseemsmoreterrible.Maybebecausewomenareeasiertogetoldbuttomen30isthegoldagesofcareerdevelopment.Forthemainreasonsof3Sladies,somearehighstandardforhusband;
somearethefurtherstudying.Formen,maybetheyarefightinginbusiness;
maybetheyaretoobadtofindawife.
Thenwecanseeallthestateofpresentmarriage.Eventhoughsomesay“marriageisthetomboflove”,Iyetsupportmarriage.Marriageandfamilymakepeoplemoreresponsibleandloving,makedeeperlovebetweenspousesandmakelifemorecolorful.
Theabilitytoloveandbelovedisthemostpreciousofgiftsgiventoman,whichshouldbehighlytreasured.Familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,beresponsibleforthem,allofwhicharethesametowomen.Allthesequalitiesarevitaltoanyone’scareer.Whenyouworkbackhome,wifeorhusbandisalwaysthelistenertoyou,sonthewarmhearttoyou.Spouseshelpeachotherandsupporteachother;
familyistheharborforsoul.Thusitishelptoone’scareerdevelopment.
2.Certainly,wifeandchildrenare“akindofdisciplineofhumanity”。
妻子儿女显然是人性的一种纪律约束
Abachelor’s单身lifefocusisbuthimself,sohewillspendalotofmoneyoneverythingthatfeasthiseyeswithouthesitation.What’smore,heislikelytohaveagoatanyrisksthatmakehimfeelexcitingandfreshforbeingfreefromanyburden.
However,amarriedmanalwaystendstothinktwicebeforemakinganimportantdecisioninordertopreventbringinganyharmtohisfamily.Heshouldhavethemotivationtoworkhardtofulfillwifeandchildren’sexpectation.Asaresult,familyletamanlearntocarethewholeunit.Hehastotakegoodcareofhiswifeandson,lovethem,beresponsibleforthe.Alovinghusbandandaqualifiedfathercancontributethegreatestmeritforthepublictoalargeextent.
人的感情会移位,结婚的人对人生的态度肯定与单身之时不一样。
有孩子的人更因为对孩子的爱迁移到芸芸众生身上。
结婚意味着两个人的结合,不论肉体还是精神。
在无形中把不相干的两个人熔铸成合体的一个人,对对方的关心和照顾如同自己,对对方的牵挂那是牵肠挂肚。
婚姻也让两个人变得更有责任感,感情更加丰富,对社会将会产生奇异的变化,对人生的探索产生深远的影响。
单身是自由的,没有婚姻的束缚,没有孩子的牵绊,享受生命的存在,享受一个人的独处.当孤独来临时单身的人会去找人生的知己,会碰到与之共度人生的另一半,于是便有了婚姻。
3.Baconprefersmarriagetosinglelife.Doyoufindhisargumentsconvincing?
Yes.IthinkBacon’sargumentsareconvincing.Inthedemonstrationprocess,Baconusesthemethodcomparisontoanalyzetheadvantagesofmarriageandtheshortcomingsofsinglelifeinordertotellusmarriageisbetterthansinglelife.Takingthesentence“wivesareyoungmen’smistresses,companionsformiddleage,andoldmen’snurses”forexample,itisquiteconvincingandreasonable.Marriagecanbringhappinesstopeople.Itistheecstasywhenpeoplepursuemarriageintheiryouth.Toayoungman,ononehand,awifeneedshiscareandgoodgraces.Awifeisaflowerandamanshouldpaymuchattentiontoherandgiveherspeciallove.Ontheotherhand,womenarealwaysolderthanmenaccordingtotheirmentalages.So,wivesaremorematurethanherhusbandandshecouldmakemanydecisionsandarrangementsforthefamily.Thatiswhywivesareyoungmen’smistresses.Whenamaninhismiddleage,heneedshiswifetohelphimnotonlyinthecareerbutalsointhefamilylife.Themiddle-agedmansuffersgreatpressureincareerandhewantshiswifetosupportthefamilytogether.Also,hecouldconfidehistroublestohiswife.So,thatisthereasonforhavingawifeinmiddleage.Whenthemangrowsolder,hisbodyisnotsostronglikebefore.So,heneedshiswifetotakecareofhimanddothethingsas“nurses”forhim.Inaddition,anoldmanisalwayslikeachildandheneedsspecialattentionfromhiswife.So,accordingtothereasonsmentionedabove,awifeisalwaysnecessarytoamanandawifealwaysplaysimportantandirreplaceableroleinaman’slife.Inaddition,theargumentistheconclusionaccordingtoBacon’slong—timeobservationandconsiderationtowardslife.Frommyperspective,hisargumentsareconvincing.
Ithinkhisargumentsareconvincing.Bacon’sbasicideaisthatmarriageisgoodtobothindividualandsociety.Hisanalysisistakenstepbystep.Atfirst,asinglemanthinksjusttoliveasinglelifecanhemakesomegreatcontributionstothesociety.Butasinglepersononlycaresabouthimself,hedoesn’tpayattentiontothefuture,itcanbeveryunwise.Singlelifecouldalsomakeamantobeserioustohisfreedom.Onthecontrary,marriagemakesamanberesponsible,tender,enthusiasticandwarm-hearted.Astheauthorsaying:
“wivesareyoungmen’smistresses,companionsformiddleage,andoldmen’snurses”.Itmeansthatwhenamanisyoung,wifetalksaboutlovewithhim,whenhecomestomiddleage,wifealwaysstaywithhimasacompanion,whenhebecomesold,wifewilltakecareofhimtilltheendoftime.Eventhoughawifemarriesabadhusband,marriageoffersagoodchanceforhusbandtocorrectthemselves.
Thewholeessay’smainpointisveryobvious,authortellsfromtwoaspects.Firstly,hesayshowbaditistobeasingleman.Secondly,hetellsalotofadvantagesofbeingmarried.Eachaspecthasenoughproof.AtBacon’speriod,hisargumentsmaybemoreconvincingthannowadays.
OfStudiesP18
1.Wearenowlivingintheageof“informationexplosion”.WhatlessonscanwelearnfromBacon’s<
ofstudies>
inouraccesstoinformation?
Ourplanetisdevelopingforward.Thefast-movingdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologymakesitmoreconvenientforstudentstogetsufficientandeffectiveinformationbycountlessways.Thatistheexternalconditionforourstudy,whichwecanappropriatelymakefulluseof.Butwhatwehavetokeepinmindisthattheeternalmasterofstudyisnoonebutourselvesintheprocessofstudying.
Actually,I’msureeveryoneclearlyknowstheimportanceandsignificanceofreading,ofstudies.However,thebiggestproblemisthattheyhardlyhavepowerfulresistancetothosetemptationsaroundus,suchasnew-stylevideogames,latestHollywoodblock-buster,AvrilRamonaLavigne’snextconcert.Placedintheinformationcurrent,youngstudentsaredifficulttorationallydealwiththefloodinginformation.Theterribleresultisthattheybecomemoreandmoreindifferenttoreadingbooks,andwheneveracademicassignscome,wejuststartuptheircomputerandaccesstoinformationontheInternetnomatterhowmuchinformationtheycanreallycopyandmakeuse.Whatapity!
Astoefficientstudymethodstoalltheseinformation,Baconinsistsonthecombinationoftheoryandpractice,“studiesthemselvesdogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.”Andintermsofbookswhichmeanfortodaynotonlypaperbooksbutalsoinformationonlineforexamplee-books,Baconholdstheview“somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;
otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;
andsomefewtobereadywholly,andwithdiligenceandattention”.Alltheideascandefinitelygivecollegestudentspreciouslessonstostudyandreadingbookstoday.
Whenwefacethefloodinginformation,somearetobereadinpart;
they’rejustprovidingnothingthanbackgroundwhichcanbeusefultounderstandandcompleteassignments.Wecannotmerelydependallonthecomputerinsteadofmeditatehardonourown.Ofcourse,practicingisquitesignificanttoday.Infact,thatdoesn’tmeanpracticeshouldbetheactionoutofpapers;
inturn,thetermpaperfinishedonone’sownisapracticeofapplyinghisknowledgetopracticalwriting.
Informationaroundusisshowingupwithoutstopping.Theyareallnevercheckedbyexperts,trueorfalse.Weaccesstothemwheninneed.Stillwehavetobecautiousandjustviewthemasareminderorbrainstormresourcestohelpintegrateourideastowellorganizethewholeassignment.Thisistherightattitudetoinformationandtoourownstudy.
2.Inwhatsensedoesreadingmakeafullman?
Readingmakesafullman.Historiesmakemenwise,poets,witty;
themathematics,subtle;
naturalphilosophy,deep;
moral,grave;
logicandrhetoric,abletocontend.Readinghistoriesmakespeoplelearnlessonsfromtheancienttime,avoidmakingthesamemistakesandpredictthedevelopmentofthings.Peoplewhoreadhistorieswillbewiserthanthesewhojustactaccordingtotheirownpreferenceswithoutlearningfromhistories.Readingpoemsmakespeoplelearnthebeautyoflanguage,thebeautifulclassicalstyleofartandliveapoeticlife.Peoplewhoreadpoemswillbewittierthanthesewhohaven’tfeelthebeautifulmoodandpurelife.Readingmathematicsmakespeoplefocusontheaccuratecalculation,developascientificattitude,andformapragmaticspirit.Peoplewhoreadmathematicswillbemoresubtletoconsiderthingsfromallaspectsanddothingsfromthedropcarefullythanthesewhodon’tread.Readingnaturalphilosophymakespeoplepursuetruth,exploretheunknownmystery,andpracticeactively.Peoplewhoreadnaturalphilosophywillbedeeperthanthesewhodon’tlearnthetheoryofreflectingthetruth.Readingmoralmakespeoplelearnthewayofharmonyliving,formtheprincipleofethicalbehavi