四级真题+答案详解+听力原文Word文档格式.docx
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Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapseofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?
Thus,integritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.
RiskyBusiness
Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision-makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedid,andthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.
Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'
tseetheriskswe'
retaking,wecan'
tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'
tknowtherulesaboutplagiarismmayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercredit,oronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"
unintentional"
doesnotexcusethemisconduct.Ignoranceisnotadefense.
"
ButEverybodyDoesIt"
Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfacts,butmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'
retakingbyusingexcuses:
"
Everyoneelsedoesit,"
I'
mnothurtinganyone,”or"
Ireallyneedthisgrade."
Excusescangetveryelaborate:
IknowI'
mlookingatanother'
sexam,eventhoughI'
msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'
snotcheatingbecauseI'
mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."
Wemustbehonestaboutouractions,andavoidexcuses.Ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'
renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'
tseetherealchoicewe'
remaking--andthatleadstobaddecisions.
Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:
Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Wouldyoufeelproudorashamedofyouractions?
Ifyou'
dratherhideyouractions,that'
sagoodindicationthatyou'
retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.
EvaluatingRisks
Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmediatebenefits("
what'
sinitforme"
),andsimplyhaven'
tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareserious,andmayincludea"
0"
onatestorassignment;
an"
F"
intheclass;
suspensionordismissalfromschool;
transcriptnotation;
andatarnishedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaruleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlife,andgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishment:
youhavenocontroloverwhatthatpunishmentmightbe.Thisisanextremelyprecariousandvulnerableposition.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeath,orhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'
tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.
GettingAwayWithIt--OrNot
Thosewhodon'
tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'
tlearnfromthetest,deprivinghim/herselfofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:
thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-esteemandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guilty,andafraidofgettingcaught.Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'
tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"
easier."
Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.Studentshavebeendismissedfromschoolbecausetheydidn'
tgetthissimplemessage:
HonestyistheONLYpolicythatworks.
CheatingHurtsOthers,Too
Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"
don'
tcount"
anddon'
treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveaprofoundcumulativeeffect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease,andacheatercanencourageothersjustbybeingseenfromacrosstheroom.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'
grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"
poisons"
theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.("
IfIdon'
tcheat,Ican'
tcompetewiththosewhodo."
)Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoodteachingisseeingstudentslearn,butacheatersays,"
mnotinterestedinwhatyou'
retryingtoteach;
allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."
Theendresultisablatantanddestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheUniversity,andharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.
Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofotherseveryday.Ifnot,wecouldn'
tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'
seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.
Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.
1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______。
A)stickstothemintheirdailylife B)makesthemknowntoothers
C)understandstheirtruevalues D)seesthatothersalsofollowthem
2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?
A)Ithelpstocreateteamspirit B)Itfacilitatescommunication
C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust D)Itinspiresmutualrespect
3.Whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake?
A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress
C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble
4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______
A.ithascausednoharm B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional
C.ithasgoneunnoticed D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions
5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?
A.Avoidmakingexcuses B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice
C.Makehisintensionspublic D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder
6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______。
A.willoftenbecomemorecautious B.areusuallyveryaggressive
C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost D.mayloseeverythingintheend
7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______
A.paymoredearly B.becomemoreconfident
C.bewidelyadmiredD.feelsomewhatlucky
8.Cheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowto_______
9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople’s_________________________
10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultof_______
PartIIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
11.A.ReadthenoticeonthewindowB.Getanewbusschedule
C.GoandaskthestaffD.BoardthebustoCleveland
12.A.Hewaslookingforwardtoseeingthegiraffes.
B.Heenjoyedwatchingtheanimalperformance.
C.HegothometoolatetoseetheTVspecial
D.HefellasleepinthemiddleoftheTVprogram.
13.A.Shewantstotakethemostdirectway.
B.Shemaybelateforthefootballgame.
C.Sheisworriedaboutmissingherflight.
D.Sheiscurrentlycaughtinatrafficjam.
14.A.AtarestaurantB.InafishshopC.AtaclinicD.Onafishingboat
15.A.Heisanexperiencedsalesmanager.
B.Heisbeinginterviewedforajob.
C.Heisaclosefriendofthewoman.
D.Heisgoodatansweringtrickyquestions.
16.A.Themanshouldconsiderhisprivacyfirst.
B.Themanwillchoosealow-rentapartment.
C.Themanisnotcertainifhecanfindaquieterplace
D.Themanisunlikelytomoveoutofthedormitory.
17.A.Thewomanisgoingtomakehertopicmorefocused.
B.Themanandwomanarew