美国文学史及选读的名词解释(全) (2)[教学].docx

美国文学史及选读的名词解释(全) (2)[教学].docx

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ColonialPeriod:

1.AmericanPuritanism

itcomesfromtheAmericanpuritans,whowerethefirstimmigrantsmovedtoAmericancontinentinthe17thcentury.Originalsin,predestination（预言）andsalvation（拯救）werethebasicideasofAmericanPuritanism.And,hard-working,piousness（虔诚，尽职），thriftandsobriety（清醒）werepraised.

RomanticismPeriod:

2.Romanticism:

theliteraturetermwasfirstappliedtothewritersofthe18thcentxiryinEuropewhobrokeawayfromtheformalrulesofclassicalwriting.WhenitwasusedinAmericanliteratureitreferredtothewritersofthemiddleofthe19thcentxirywhostimulated（刺激）thesentimentalemotionsoftheirreaders.Theywroteofthemysteriousoflife,love,birthanddeath.TheRomanticwritersexpressedthemselvesfreelyandwithoutrestraint.Theywroteallkindsofmaterials,poetry,essays,plays,fictions,history,worksoftravel,andbiography.

3.Gothictradition（哥特传统）：

GothicnovelorGothicromanceisastoryofterrorandsuspense,usuallysetinagloomyoldcastleormonastery.Inanextendedsense,manynovelsdonothaveamedievalizedsetting,butwhichshareacomparablysinister,grotesque,orclaustrophobicatmospherehavebeenclassedasGothic.Itcontributedtothenew

emotionalclimateofRomanticism.

4.Transcendentalism（先验说，超越论）：

isaphilosophicandliterarymovementthatflourishedinNewEngland,particularatConcord,asareactionagainstRationalismandCalvinism（理性主义and喀尔文主义）.MainlyitstressedintuitiveunderstandingofGod,withoutthehe净ofthechurch,andadvocatedindependenceofthemind.TherepresentativewritersareEmersonandThoreau.

5.Streamofconsciousness（意识流）:

Itisoneofthemodemliterarytechniques.Itisthestyleofwritingthatattemptstoimitatethenaturalflowofacharacter'sthoughts,feelings,reflections,memories,andmentalimagesasthecharacterexperiencesthem.Itwasfirstusedin1922bytheIrishnovelistJamesJoyce.Thosenovelsbrokethroughtheboundsoftimeandspace,anddepictedvividlyandskillfollytheunconsciousactivityofthemindfastchangingandflowingincessantlyo

6.AmericanRenaissance:

AmericanRenaissancesometimesisgiventoaflourishingofdistinctivelyAmericanliteratureintheperiodbeforetheCivilWar.ThisrenaissanceisrepresentedbytheworkofRa»hWaldoEmerson,H.D.Thoreau,NathanielHawthorne,HermanMelville,andWaltWhitman.ItsmajorworksareHawthorne9sTheScarletLetter（（f红宇〉）,Melville'sMobyDick（《白鲸》）,andWhitman'sLeavesofGrassf《草叶集》）.TheAmericanRenaissance

mayberegardedasadelayedmanifestationofRomanticism,

especiallyinEuropean'sphilosophyofTranscendentalism.

7.AmericanEnlightenment美国启蒙运动：

Enlightenmentisaphilosophicalmovementofthe18thcenturythatemphasizedtheuseofreasontoscrutinizepreviouslyaccepteddoctrinesandtraditionsandthatbroughtaboutmanyhumanitarianreforms.TheAmericanEnlightenmentisatermsometimesemployedtodescribetheintellectualcultureoftheBritishNorthAmericancoloniesandtheearlyUnitedStates.Itiscommonlydatedfrom1750-1820.AmongtheleadingintellectualfiguresofthisperiodareThomasJeffersonandJamesMadison.

8.FreeVerse自由体诗歌：

Freeverseisaformofpoetrythatdoesnotuseconsistentmeterpatterns,rhyme,oranyothermusicalpattern.Itthustendstofollowtherhythmofnaturalspeech.

RealismPeriod:

9.TheGildedAge:

itwascoinedbyMarkTwainandCharlesDudleyWarnerintheir1873book.TheGildedAge:

ATaleofToday.InAmericanhistory,theGildedAgereferstosubstantialgrowthinpopulationintheUnitedStatesandextravagantdisplaysofwealthandexcessofAmerica'sipper-classduringthepost-CivilWarandpost-Reconstructionera,inthelate19thcentury.

10.PsychologicalRealism心里现实主义：

PsychologicalRealismisagenrewhichplacesmorethantheusualamountofemphasisoninteriorcharacterization,andonthemotives,circumstancesandinternalactionwhichspringsfromanddevelopsexternalaction.Thepsychologicalrealismisnotcontenttostatewhathappensbutgoesontoexplainthemotivationofthisaction.Thistypeofwritingcharacterandcharacterizationaremorethanusuallyimportant,andtheyoftendelvedeeperintothemindofacharacterthannovelsofothergenres.

11.LocalColorism:

asatrendbecamedominantinAmericanliteratureinthe1860sandearly1870s,itisdefinedbyHamlinGarlandashavingsuchqualityoftextureandbackgroundthatitcouldnothavebeenwritteninanyotherplaceorbyanyoneelsethananativestoriesoflocalcolorismhaveaqualityofcircumstantial详细的）authenticity（确实性），aslocalcoloriststriedtoimmortalize（使不朽）thedistinctivenatural,socialandlinguisticfeatures.Itischaracteristicofvemacular（本国语）languageandsatirical（讽刺的）humor

12.AmericanRealism:

InAmericanliterature,theCivilWarbroughttheRomanticPeriodtoanend.