初中英语定语从句专项讲解与练习Word格式文档下载.docx
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MichaelJaskon,whoisthegreatestsingerintheworld,passedawayin2010.
MarylivedinthecityofHongkong,whereusedtobeasmallpoorcountryside.
四、关系代词的用法
1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:
Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.(语)玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.(语)我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.(语)位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.(语)我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。
ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.(语)经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?
(作宾语)
Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.
4.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语.可译为“…的”
●Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
●Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
例如▼Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
▼Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
★注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
●Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。
●Doyouknowthegirlwithwhomyourteacheristalking.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。
Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。
Thecitythat/whichshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)指物时关系词只能用that的情况:
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.
Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.
Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.
ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.
IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.
Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.
ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
g.关系代词作表语时一般不用who,而用that。
如:
Heisnotthemanthathewas.他不是从前的他了。
(从句中that是was的表语)
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:
a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.
What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.
Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.
Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。
Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。
Thisistheplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。
Thisisthehousewhere/(inwhich)helives.
(3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。
Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
六、了解关系副词与关系代词转换规律
关系代词whom或which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词+关系代词whom(先行词指人)/which(先行词指物)引导定语从句(这种方法更为正式)。
例:
MaryisthegirlwhomIborrowedabookfrom.=MaryisthegirlfromwhomIborrowedabook.玛丽就是我向她借书的那个女孩。
Isthistheroomthat/whichheoncelivedin?
=Isthistheroominwhichheoncelived?
=Isthistheroomwhereheoncelived?
这是他曾经住过的房子吗?
★常见的有以下几种情况:
1.where=in/onwhich例:
Thisistheroomwhere/inwhichhelives.这是他住的房间。
Icanseetheplaygroundwhere/onwhichtheydosports.我能看见他们进行运动的操场。
2.when=on/in/atwhich例:
Istillremembertheyearwhen/inwhichIjoinedtheParty.我仍然记得入党的那一年。
Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedtheParty.我仍然记得入党的那一天。
Istillrememberthehourwhen/atwhichtherocketwaslaunched.我仍然记得那个火箭发射的时刻。
3.why=forwhich例:
Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaskilled.这是他被杀害的原因。
但下列情况下介词不能提前:
⑴用who代替whom,用that代替which时,介词不能提前。
He’stheboywhoIlearnedEnglishfrom.这是我向他学英语的男孩。
ThisshouldbetheplacethatTomsenttheparcelto.这应是汤姆送包裹的地方。
⑵当whom、which省去时介词不能提前。
Ishetheboyyouwenttherewith?
他是和你一起去那儿的男孩吗?
Thisistheroomhelivedin.这是他住过的房间。
⑶当whom,which作为含有介词的动词短语的宾语时,介词一般来说不能拆开提前。
You’retheverymanwhomI’mlookingfor.你正是我在找的那个人。
●热身训练
一.单项填空。
1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?
-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.
A.heB.
who
C.which
D.whom
2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?
A.which
B.inwhich
C.that
D.theone
3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.
A.where
B.which
D.it
4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?
A.thatyoubought
B.youboughtit
C.thatyouboughtit
D.whichyouboughtit
5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.
A.whichagrees
B.whoagree
C.whoagrees
D.whichagree
6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.
A.that
B.it
who
7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate
A.who’s
B.whose
ofwhich.
8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.
A.which;
is
B.whom;
was
C.who;
D.who;
was
9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.
C.where
D.who
10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.
A.inthatwelive
B.onwhichwelive
C.wherewelivein
D.welivein
二.
用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。
1.
Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.
2.
April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.
3.
Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.
4.
Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.
5.
Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow?
参考答案:
I.1-5BBCAC
6-10ABCCD
Ⅱ.1.that
2.which/that
3.who/that
4.that/which
5.who/whom/that
初中英语定语从句练习题
(一)
一.选择填空
1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.
A.whichB.whatC.asD.those
2.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone
3.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone
4.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?
5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat
6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.
A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat
7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..
A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobserved
C.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved
8.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.
A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether
9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.
A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which
10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.
A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.
A.whichB.itC.thatD.what
13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.
A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that
14.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.
A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging
15.Those___notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.
A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn
16.Anyone________thisopinionmayspeakout.
A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst
17.Didn’tyouseetheman________?
A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnow
C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow
18.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?
A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutit
C.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout
19.Isthereanything_______toyou?
A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongs
C.thatbelongD.whichbelongs
20.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?
”
----“It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth.”
A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat
21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadlreadytakenthem.
A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers
22.Thetrain_______shewastravellingwaslate.
A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat
23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_______thepapersarekept.
A.whereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which
24.Antarctic_______weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich
25.It’sthethirdtime_______latethismonth.
A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived
C.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived
26.Itwasin1969_______theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inwhich
27.Maythefourthistheday______weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.
A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwh