德伯家的苔丝英文分析分析解析Word文件下载.docx

德伯家的苔丝英文分析分析解析Word文件下载.docx

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哈代是著名的批判现实主义作家，《德伯家的苔丝》是他作品中最有影响力的一部。

在这部作品中他的对比是：

人和社会环境、人和大自然、人的外貌和他的内心世界。

《德伯家的苔丝》主要讲述了一个美丽善良的少女苔丝失身后所遭遇的悲惨故事。

他认为平民的生活是悲惨的，平民人物的命运也是悲剧，而主人公苔丝的命运就是平民命运的一个小缩影。

并且在18世纪到19世纪之交，维多利亚时期是一个以男性为中心的时代，男女不平等已经成为维多利亚时期根深蒂固的社会习俗，因此，当时妇女倍受压迫和歧视。

苔丝作为一个普通人，与当时社会的抗争是无助的，她的结局会像所有一切与道德伦理相悖的事物一样，成为这个社会的牺牲品。

苔丝的悲剧是又多方因素造成的，我的论文仅通过社会环境的描写、法律制度，伦理道德和宗教,分析出造成苔丝悲惨命运的社会因素。

苔丝的悲剧是那个社会所造成的。

关键词：

苔丝社会环境法律系统伦理道德宗教因素

ABSTRACT

ManynovelistsfromEnglandexpresseddisillusionmentintheirnovels.ThemosttypicalonewasThomasHardywhowasafamouscriticalrealisticwriterattherunofthe19thcenturyinEngland.Inthenovel,Hiscontrastsarehumanandsocialenvironment,humanandnature,surfaceandheart.TessoftheD’Urbervillesisthemostinfluentialoneofallhisworks.ThisnovelisatragicstoryaboutonebeautifulandkindTessaftershehadbeenlostchastity.Inhismind,thelifeofdemosistragic,andthedestinyofTessisaminiaturedisplaythelifeofdemosisatragedy.Andattheturnofthecenturybetween18thand19th,womenwereoppressedanddiscriminated,duetothedeeplyinequalitysocialculturebetweenmanandwomaninVictorianAge,allofwhichexistedintheTess’slivingtime.Asacommonperson,Tessfoughtwiththesocietyishelpless.Intheend,sheturnedouttobethesacrificialvictimofsocietylikeallotherthings,whichdisobeythemoralityandethic.ThetragedyhappenedonTessiscausedbymanyreasons.MypaperisabouttoanalyzethetragedyofTessthoughthesocialenvironment,lawsystem，moralityandreligionfactoratthattime.Tess‘stragiclifeiscausedbythatsocietyanditistheresultofthattime.

KEYWORDS:

Tesssocietyenvironmentlawsystemmoralityethicreligionfactor

CONTENTS

I.Introductionofauthorandnovel……………………………………….1

1.1IntroductionofThomasHardy……………………………………1

1.2IntroductionofTessoftheD’Urbervilles…...…………...………2

II.Background………………………………...……………….…………4

2.1Backgroundofthenovel…………………………………………

2.2BackgroundofPolitical,EconomicalandCultural………………4

2.3BackgroundoftheFeaturesofVictoriannovels...……...………5

III.AnalyzethetragedyofTessfromsocialfactors…………………..…5

3.1Lifeenvironmentforthepeasants…….……….……….………...7

3.2Unfairlawsystemforthepeasants……….……….……….……...9

3.3ThevictimofmoralityforFemale

3.4Contactingwithreligion

IV.Conclusion………………………………………………………...14

References…..…………………………………………………15

.Theintroductionofauthorandnovel

1.1IntroductionofThomasHardy

ThomasHardywasbornonJune2,1840,avillageofsouthwesternEnglandthatwasthefocusofhisnovels.Hegotaloveofmusicfromhisfatherandliteraturefromhismother.In1862,hewenttoLondontoworkforafamousarchitect.Duringthetimewhenhewasfree,hewidelystudied:

language,literature,history,philosophyandart.Atthattime,heevengainedtwoprizesforessaysonarchitecture,butitwasnothisdesiredprofession.Hestartedtowritepoetryandpaidmoreattentiontopoetrythannovelwhenhewas25-year-old.Buthehadnochancetopublishhispoetry.Hechangedthemattertocreatenovel.In1871,hisfirstlongnovelwaspublished.Threeyearsago,thecelebratedworkwashisfourthnovelfarfromtheMaddingCrowd.Hestoppedconstructionindustryanddevotedtothenovelcreation.Therewereearly20longnovelsinHardy’slife.ThemostfamousnovelisTessoftheD’Urbervilles.HoweverhisviewhasledconsiderablyconflictwiththemoralofVictorianera.Someplotsweredeletedintheserialandthetitleofthenovelisatruelifeofthepurewomanthatcausedstrongdissatisfactionamongsomepeople.TheybelievethatisanaffrontonpublicmoralbecauseTessgetsthesympatheticandunderstandingfromtheauthorinthenovel.Hardy’sworksreflectedthechangedofsocialeconomy,political,moralandtradition,whichistheadvancedthoughtsinVictorianera.Especially,hisnovelsexposedwomen’stragiclifeandmorals,legalandreligious.Andhisstoryisthepeoplepursueaideallifebydescribingthestruggle,pursuitanddisillusionmentinhisnovel.Therefore,thestoryisfullofthedeepsociety-significanceandphilosophy.HisworksnotonlywerethegreattraditionofEnglandrealism,butalsowerethewayfor20thcenturyBritishliterature.

1.2TessoftheD’Urbervilles

Tessisa16-year-oldwhoisabeautifulandkindgirlcomesfromapoorfamilyinavillage，thewholefamilymaketheirlivingbytransportingwithanoldhorse.Howevertheoldhorsewasdeadinasuddenaccident.ThepovertyofthefamilyforceshertoclaimhelpfromtherichD’Urbervilles.

WhilevisitingtheD’UrbervillesattheSlopes,TessmeetsAlecD’Urbervilles.AlecisayoungmasteroftheD’Urbervillesandaplayboy.AlecarrangesforTesstotakecareofhisblindmother’spoultry,andTessmovestotheSlopes.AlecseducesandrapesTess.

Tessreturnshome,givesbirthtoason.Hisnameissorrow.Tessworksasafieldworkeronnearbyfarms.Sorrowbecomesillanddieswhenheisababy.People’sopinionforcesTessmakesanotherjourneyawayfromhometobecomeamilkmaidonadairyfarm.ThereshemeetsAngelClare.Shefallsinlovewitheachother.Ontheirweddingnight,Tessdisplaysherownpast,TessforgivesAngelforhispast,butAngelcannotforgiveTessforhavingachildwithanotherman.Finally,heleavesher.

Tessgoestoherparents’home.TesseventuallyleaveshometoworkinanothertownatFlintcomb-Ashfarm,wheretheworkingconditionsareveryharsh.TessmeetssomeofherfriendsfromTalbothays,andtheyareatFlintcombtothehardwork.TesswantstovisitAngel’sfamily,butshegivesupatthelastminute.OnthewayFlintcomb,TessmeetsAlecagain.WhenAlecmeetsTess,heleaveshispositiontopursueher.AlecfollowsTesstoFlintcomb,askinghertomarryhim.Tessrefusesinthestrongestterms.Howeverherfather’sdeathleadstothewholeburdenofthefamilyonher,sheisforcedtogobacktoAlec.Inthemeantime,AngelreturnsfromBraziltolookforTessandbeginhisownfarminEngland.WhenAngelgoestoTess’sfamily,theytellhimthatTesshasgonetoafashionableseasideinthesouthofEngland.InthemeetingwithAngel,Tessaskshimtoleaveher.Angeldoesleave.AfterhermeetingwithAngel,shedecidestoaccuseAlec.Inafitofanger,TesskillsAlecwithaknife.Alecisdead.TesstellsAngelthatAlecisdead.AngelhastroublebelievingTess’storybutwelcomesherback.Theirplanistoleavethecountryassoonaspossible.Theyspendaweekinahouse.

Theyarediscovered,andthepolicetakeheraway.Beforesheisexecutedforhercrime,TesshasAngelpromisetomarryhersisterLizaLu.Angelagreeswithher.Thetwo,AngelandLizaLu,leavetogether,andthetragictaleofTessends.

.Background

2.1Backgroundofthenovel

ThisstoryhappenedinthelateofBritain'

sVictorianera，inthistime,Capitalistclasscontrolledallright,andthelawwereservicedforthem.Farmerswereatthebottleofthesociety.Theyhadneverequalrightasthecapitalistclass.TessasawomanintheVictorianera，shecannotavoidedthe“Hegemony”fatherrightawarenessto“woman”natureunderstanding.Andinthemansociety,traditioncustomsmadewomenlosttheirindependentstatus.。

Inthemaleawareness, 

BytheCapitalistbreakintothesociety，thosefarmerswhohadasmallamountoflandandthemeansofproductionhadfollowedtheinsolvency。

Femalebeautynotonlyregardedasthe"

Troubles"

butalsobecomeanexcuseformentoshirktheircrime；

Themalerequestsfemininetobeloyalandthebodilypureandchaste,actuallydisregardsownindulging.Butinundermalepowersuppression,femininethoughtpatternalsowascontrolledsolidlybythiskindofstrongtrendwasevenmelting.

2.2BackgroundofPolitical,EconomicalandCultural

TheearlyyearsoftheVictorianEnglandwasatimeofrapideconomicdevelopmentaswellasserioussocialproblems.Aftertherevolutionof1832passedthepoliticalpowerfromthecapitalistclassintothehandsofthemiddle-classindustrialcapitalists,theIndustrialRevolutionwasready.Towardsthemid-century,Englandhadreacheditstopofdevelopmentasaworldpower.Underthegreatprosperityandrichness,thereexistedwidespreadpovertyandsadnessamongtheworkingclass.Duringthenexttwentyyears,Englandsettleddowntoatimeofprosperityandrelativestability.Themiddle-classlifeofthetimewascharacterizedbyprosperity,respectabilityandmaterialprogress.ButthelastthreedecadesofthecenturywasthedeclineoftheBritishandtheVictorianvalues.Actually,theVictoriansexperiencedimportantchanges.TherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologywasthesubjectoftheVictorianera.Andnewinventionsanddiscoverieshadcreatedinmanyfields.Atthattime,capitalistclasscontrolledallright,andthelawsystemwereservicedforthem.Farmerswereatbottleofthesociety;

theyhadunequalrightasthecapitalistclass.

2.3BackgroundofFeaturesofVictoriannovels

Inthisera,thenovelbecamethemostwidelyreadandthemostimportantandchallengingexpressionofadvertencethoughts.Novelistskepttheprincipleoffaithfulrepresentationofthe18th-centuryrealistnovel,andcarriedtheirrightforwardtothecriticismofthesociety.Althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewandwritingskill,theysharedonethingincommon,thatis,theywereallconcernedaboutthelifeofthecommonpeople.Theydisagreedwiththesocietywithouthumanity;

thesocialwasfullofthepovertyandinjustice.Theydescribedtruthfulconditionofpeople'

slifeandbitterandstrongcriticismofthesocietyhaddonemuc