计算机科学引论答案文档格式.docx

计算机科学引论答案文档格式.docx

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DocumentFiles

5Specializedprogramsthatallowinputandoutputdevicestocommunicate.

DeviceDrivers

6Createdbydatabasemanagementprograms.

DatabaseFiles

8Thephysicalequipmentofamicrocomputer.

Hardware

9Theworld’slargestcomputernetwork.

Internet

13Providesstep-by-stepinstructionstothecomputer.

Software

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Chapter2:

TheInternet,TheWeb,andElectronicCommerce

2ProvideusersaconnectiontotheInternet.ISP

3Unwelcomee-mail.Spam

5ExploretheWeb.Surf

7Internetuploadinganddownloadingservice.FTP

8Stealscreditcardinformation.Carder

9Afile,suchasadocumentorworksheet,thatisattachedtoane-mailmessage.Attachment

10Involvesthesaleofaproducttoanotherbusiness.B2B

13ConnectiontoWebresources.Link

15Processoftransferringinformationfromaremotecomputertothecomputeroneisusing.Download

1Thesitesthatasearchenginereturnsafterrunningakeywordsearch.Hits

4SpecialprogramwritteninJava.Applet

5Locatesinformationonline.SearchEngine

6LocationofWebresource.URL

11ProgramthatprovidesaccesstoWebBrowser

12Usedtoblockcertainsites.Filter

14Provideshigh-speedconnectionusingexistingtelephonelines.DSL

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Chapter3:

BasicApplicationSoftware

4Rectangularareathatcontainsmessages.Window

5Systemtoorganizeandretrievedata.DBMS

8Collectionofindividualapplications.SoftwareSuite

10Rearrangerecordsusingafield.Sort

11Formedbyintersectionofrowandcolumn.Cell

14Collectionofrelateddata.Database

16Flyer,report,newsletter,Webpage.Document

17Thesemakeupapresentation.Slides

18Questionorrequestfordatainadatabase.Query

1Listofcommands.Menu

2RectangulargridofrowsandcolumnsusedinprogramslikeExcel.Worksheet

3Hasrecordsandfields.Table

6Controlsformatandplacementofslides.MasterSlide

7Requestsuserinput.DialogBox

9Movesinsertionpointtonextline.WordWrap

12Seriesofcells.Range

13Averticalblockofcellsonecellwide.Column

15Containbuttonsandmenus.Toolbars

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Chapter5:

SystemSoftware

5Programthatmakescopiesoffilesincaseofdamageorloss.Backup

6Bootthatoccurswhenthecomputerisalreadyon.Warmboot

8Combinationofseveralutilityprogramsinonepackage.UtilitySuite

9Allowscommunicationbetweendevicesandtheoperatingsystem.Driver

11Concentricringsonadisk.Tracks

12Usedtocontrolandcoordinatenetworkedcomputers.NOS

1Locationtostorerelatedfiles.Folder

2Computerthatcoordinatesallcommunicationbetweenothercomputers.

Networkserver

3Usesgraphicalelementstocommunicatewiththeoperatingsystem.GUI

4Broken-upfilestoredindifferentsectors.Fragmented

5Startingorrestartingacomputer.Booting

7Operatingsystemwithover80percentofthemarket.Windows

10Graphicobjectsonthedesktopusedtorepresentprogramsandotherfiles.Icons

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Chapter7:

InputandOutput

6Usedtogrademultiplechoiceexams.OMR

9SpecializeddigitalcamerathatbroadcastsimagesovertheInternet.WebCam

10Recordsimagesdigitallyonadisk.Digitalcamera

13Mostpopularinputdeviceusedforcomputergames.Joystick

14DeliversmuchclearerpicturethanregularTV.HDTV

16Resolutionisexpressedasamatrixofthesedots.Pixel

17Keyboardthatrollsupforstorageandtransport.Flexible

1Thedistancebetweeneachpixel.Dotpitch

2Mostcommonlyusedwaytoinputdata.Keyboard

3Buttonrotatedtoscrollthroughinformationdisplayedonthemonitor.WheelButton

4Mostwidelyusedtypeofmouse.Mechanical

5Typeofterminalthatdoesnoprocessing.Dumb

7Numberoftimesascreenisredrawneachsecond.Refreshrate

8Measureofresolution.dpi

11Keysthatturnfeaturesonandoff.Toggle

12Translatesprocessedinformationintohardcopy.Printer

15Barcodesystemusedinsupermarkets.UPC

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Chapter9:

CommunicationsandNetworks

5Interpretsandroutsincomingradiofrequencies.Basestation

7Continuouselectronicwaves.Analog

9Configurationofanetwork.topology

10Networkinterfacecard.NIC

11Transferspeedortransferrate.bps

12Shortrangewirelesscommunicationstandard.bluetooth

14Measurementofthewidthofthecommunicationchannel.bandwidth

1Nodethatrequestsandusesresourcesavailablefromothernodes.client

2Eachdeviceinthenetworkhandlesitsowncommunications.Busnetwork

3DevicethatallowslinksbetweenLANs.Networkgateway

4Processthatconvertsdigitaltoanalog.modulation

6PiecesofamessagesentovertheInternet.packets

8Globalpositioningsystem.GPS

13Anydevicethatisconnectedtoanetwork.node

15Usesexistingtelephonelinestoprovidehigh-speedconnections.DSL

16Centralnodeforothernodes.hub

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Chapter11:

InformationSystems

3Levelofmanagementconcernedwithstrategicplanning.Top

5Identifies,investigates,anddevelopsnewproductsandservices.Research

9Reportproduceduponrequest.Demand

10SomeonewhomakesdecisionsinaDSS.User

11Modelthathelpsmiddle-levelmanagersinlong-rangeplanning.Tactical

12Informationworkerinvolvedinthecreationofinformation.Knowledgeworker

14Concernedwithcalculatingemployeepaychecks.Payroll

16Specializedinformationsystemthatknowledgeworkersuse.KWS

17Keepstrackofsummariesofallforegoingtransactions.Generalledger

1Thebuyingofmaterialsandservices.Purchasing

2Plans,prices,promotes,sells,anddistributesgoodsandservices.Marketing

4Formthatshowssupplyandorderinformation.Purchaseorder

6Reportthatcallsattentiontounusualevents.Exception

7Helptop-levelmanagersoverseeoperationsanddevelopplans.ESS

8Informationworkerthatdistributesinformation.Dataworker

13UsedatafromTPStosupportmiddlemanagers.MIS

15Levelofmanagementconcernedwithdecisionmaking.Middle

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Chapter13:

SystemsAnalysisandDesign

3SystemsimplementationConversion

8Collectionofactivitiesandelementsorganizedtoaccomplishagoal.System

9Buildamodelthatcanbemodifiedbeforethesystemisinstalled.Prototyping

10Automateddesigntool.CASE

12Approachwherenewsystemistriedinonlyonepartofanorganization.Pilot

14Showslevelsofmanagementandformallinesofauthority.Organizationchart

15Listofquestions.Checklist

11ststepinthedesignphase.Feasibility

2Studyanorganization’ssystems.Systemsanalysis

4System’sperformanceiscomparedtotheoriginalspecifications.Systemaudit

5Approachwherenewsystemisimplementedslowlyovertime.Phased

6Conversiondonebyabandoningoldsystemandstartingthenew.Directapproach

7Diagramthatshowstheinformationflowwithinanorganization.Dataflow

11Showstherelationshipbetweeninputandoutputdocuments.Gridchart

12Oldandnewsystemsareoperatedsidebyside.Parallel

13Themostcommonlyoverlookedactivityintheimplementationphase.Training

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Chapter15:

YourFutureandInformationTechnology

4Inputscustomerinformationandotherdata.Dataentryworker

6Repairsandinstallscomputercomponentsandsystems.ComputerTechnician

8Actinginanticipationoffutureproblems,needs,orchanges.Proactive

9DevelopsandmaintainsWebsites.Webmaster

10Plansanddesignsinformationsystems.Systemanalyst

11Preparesinstructionmanualsandtechnicalreports.Technicalwriter

12Designs,tests,andresearchesencryptionprocedures.Cryptographer

1Personthatisunfamiliarwithcomputers.Na?

ve

2Creates,tests,andtroubleshootscomputerprograms.Programmer

3Personthatfeelslearningaboutcomputersisanimposition.Frustrated

4Createsandformatspublication-readymaterial.Desktoppublisher

5Instructsusersonthelatestsoftwareandhardware.Computertrainer

7Personthatfeelstheideaofusingamicrocomput