矿物加工专业英语Word文档格式.docx

矿物加工专业英语Word文档格式.docx

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Lesson8Crushers22

Unit4Grinding25

Lesson9IntroductiontoGrinding25

Lesson10TumblingMills27

Lesson11ControloftheGrindingCircuit30

Lesson12EnvironmentalEffectsonGrinding33

Unit5Screening36

Lesson13IntroductiontoScreening36

Lesson14FactorsAffectingScreening38

Lesson15ProbabilityScreening40

Unit6Classification43

Lesson16PrinciplesofClassification43

Lesson17Hydrocyclones46

Unit7GravityConcentration49

Lesson18AnIntroductiontoGravityConcentration49

Lesson19ClassificationofGravityConcentrationEquipment51

Lesson20GravityConcentrationEquipmentSelection

（2）53

Lesson21HeavyMediumSeparation56

Lesson22Jigging58

Lesson23PrinciplesofJiggingOperation

（2）60

Lesson24PrinciplesofJiggingOperation（3）64

Lesson25PinchedSluices,ConesandSpirals65

Lesson26TheShakingTable68

Lesson27Bartles-MozleyTablesandBartlesCross-beltSeparator71

Unit8MagneticandHigh-tensionSeparation74

Lesson28MagneticSeparation74

Lesson29PrinciplesandMechansmsofMagneticSeparation76

Lesson30ThemagneticForce78

Lesson31SelectionofMagneticSeparationTechnique81

Lesson32ElectrostaticSeparation83

Unit9FrothFlotation85

Lesson33PrinciplesofFlotation85

Lesson34Collectors87

Lesson35AnionicCollectors89

Lesson36Frothers92

Lesson37Regulators95

Lesson38Depressants97

Lesson39LaboratoryFlotationTesting99

Lesson40BulkofLaboratoryTestwork101

Lesson41PilotPlantTestword103

Lesson42ElectroflotationandAgglomeration-SkinFlotation106

Lesson43FlotationofLead-ZincOres108

Lesson44FlotationofLead-Zinc-CopperOres110

Unit10OreSorting113

Lesson45Introduction113

Lesson46MechanicsofSorting115

Unit11Dewatering118

Lesson47Sedimentation118

Lesson48Filtration120

Unit12TailingDisposal122

Lesson49Introduction122

Lesson50TailingsPondsandDams123

编者的话

本书是在1989年东北工学院矿物工程系张维庆、韦大为、徐继润编写的AnEnglishCourseForMineralProcessing基础上，进行修订的。

修订中对原教材中不合适的章节和内容作了适当的改动，并按专业的完整性、系统性进行按单元排列，为了提高学生的阅读能力，每一课的后面都增加了练习部分。

本书为高等院校矿物加工工程专业学生第七学期使用的教材，其目的在于让学生掌握科技英语的特点，并掌握一定量的专业词汇，为今后阅读专业英文书刊及文献打下基础。

书中的内容选自多种原版专业教材及论文，书中的生词词性及中文注释是以在本书出现的词性和中文意思为主给出的，同时也在一定程度上兼顾了其它词性和词义。

全书共包括十二个单元五十课，授课时数50学时左右，使用时可根据具体情况选择合适的单元和课时。

参加本书修订的有东北大学张维庆、魏德洲，由张维庆担任主编，对全书作了统一整理和修改。

由于编者的水平有限，书中难免会有缺点和错误，恳切希望读者批评指正。

PREFACE

Thisbookissplitintotwelveunitsandcontains50lessonsdealingwithdifferentfacetsofthesubject.TheobjectiveofthisbookistoattempttomakestudentsmasterthecharacteristicsoftechnicalEnglishandlearnsomeEnglishwordsonmineralprocessing.

Thebookisdesignedforuseintheseventhsemester,thefirstsemesterofthesenioryear.Itissupposedtobecompletedin50hours,onehourallottedtoeachlesson.

ThereismuchlefttobedesiredfortheauthorsabilityinEnglish.Teachers,expertsandallwhouseitarewelcomedtomakeanycommentsaboutit.

September,1997

Authors

Shenyang

Unit1Introduction

Lesson1

Text

MineralsandOres

Therocksthatfromtheearth’scrustareclassifiedasigneous,metamorphic,orsedimentary;

Butsincethemantleisprobablythestartingpointforallrocks,theaveragecompositionofthecrustcanbeassumedtobesimilartothatofanaverageigneousrock.SuchanestimateisshowninTable1.1.Anotablefeatureofthesedataisthatthecommonmetalsarepresentinthecrustinverysmallamounts.Alsoshowninthetablearethepricesofsomeelements,anditcanbeseenthatthereislittlecorrelationbetweenabundanceandprice.Despitethemanyfactorsthataffectthesellingpriceandtheconsumption,thegeneralsupplyanddemandsituationmeansthatproductioncostsarestillasignificantfactorindeterminingthesellingpriceofamaterial.Inturn,productioncostsdependonthecostsofthethreemainprocessingstages:

mining,mineralprocessing,andextractivemetallurgy.

Table1.1AverageCompositionofIgneousRock

Element

%

Cost

$/kg

Oxygen

46.6

Silicon

27.7

1.10

Aluminium

81

1.20

Iron

5.0

0.22

Calcium

3.6

~4.40

Sodium

2.8

~0.8

Potassium

2.6

~6.6

Magnesium

21

2.22

Titanium

0.6

7.2

Manganese

0.1

1.28

Sulfur

0.06

0.05

Zirconium

0.03

37.74

Nickel

0.02

4.58

Vanadium

0.017

Copper

0.010

1.46

Zinc

0.004

0.68

Lead

0002

0.74

Cobalt

0001

24.4

Tin

0.001

13.87

Ce,Ga,Li,Nb,Th,Yt

10~100ppm

As,B,Ge,Hf,Mo,Sb,U,W

1~10ppm

Bi,Cd,In

0.1~1ppm

Ag,Pd,Se

001~0.1ppm

Au,Ir,Os,Pt

<

0.01ppm

Inbroadtermsthemineralprocessingmethodemployeddependsonthemineralbeingprocessed,whichinturndependsonwhetherthatmineralisamenabletoreductiontoametal.Threefactorsdeterminewhetherandhowametallicmineralcanbereducedtoametal:

thechemicalstabilityofthemetalcompound,thenatureoftheanion（s）combinedwiththemetal,andtheabilitytoengineerapracticalprocess.

Ingeneralthemorestablethecompoundthemoredifficultandexpensiveitwillbetoreduceittoameal.

Carbon（asCO）isthecheapestandmostconvenientreductantavailable,andsoitisusedwhereverpossible.Unfortunately,metalssuchascopper,lead,zinc,andnickeloccurinsuitableconcentrationsintheearth’scrustonlyassulfides,andbecausethesulfuraniondoesnotformastablecompoundwithcarbon,carboncannotbeuseddirectlyasareducdant.Toovercomethisproblem,sulfidesfirsthavetobeconvertedtooxidesbyaprocessknownasroasting:

（Meal）S+O2→（metal）O+SO2

Engineeringlimitationscanbeillustratedbyreferencetothereductionofaluminumoxide.Althoughthiscomparativelystableoxidecanbereducedbycarbon,thehightemperaturesnecessaryimposesevereengineeringproblems.Consequently,inpractice,lowertemperaturesareused,employingelectricalenergytobringaboutthereduction.Inaddition,becausemostoftheimpuritiesarereducedatthesametime,theymustberemovedbyachemicalrefiningprocessbeforereduction.Theexpenseofthischemicalrefiningmeansthatoreswithonlyonemajorimpurityareacceptable,eventhoughthereareextensivedepositsoflesssuitableminerals.

Insummary,whetheramineralareabecomesanorebodydependsonthetechnologyandeconomicsofthecombinedoperationsofmining,mineralprocessing,andextractivemetallurgy.Iftheorebodyisofahighgrade,moreexpensiveoperationscanbetoleratedinoneormorestages.However,asoregradedecreases,onlyhighlyefficientoperationscanbetolerated.Theclassicexampleisthegradualdecreaseintheminimumgradeofcopperoressincetheturnofthecentury.Thisdeclinehasbeenattainedinfaceofvirtuallyconstantcopperprices（inrealterms）andhasbeenachievedpartlybyimprovementsintechnology,butlargelybyeconomicsofscale.

Themostcommonnonferrous（i.e.,non-iron）oresarethesulfides,andtypicallytheyarelowgrade.Theterm“oxide”or“oxidizedore”isappliedtomineralcontainingoxygen,suchastheoxides,hydratedoxides,sulfates,carbonates,andsilicates.Thesevaryfromrelativelyhighgradeores（aluminiumoresaregivenvirtuallynophysicalbeneficiation,whileasmallproportionofironoresarestillusedwithoutconcentration）,downtoverylowgradematerialscontaininglessthan1%valuable,asinthecaseofsomeplacerdepositsoftinores.

Nonmetallicoresarethosethatarenotusedfortheproductionofametal:

theymayhowevercontainametal.ExamplesareorescontainingMgOorAl2O3usedtomakerefractories.

Anyorecanbeconsideredtobemadeupoftwocomponents:

thevaluableminerals,andthewasteorganguecomponents.Complexoresarethosethatcontainmorethanonevaluablemineral（Evenso,oneshouldappreciatethatinmanysituationsthevaluablemineralsareextractedoneatatime,sothatwithrespecttoagivenseparator,anyvaluablethatisremovedlaterisconsideredtobetailingsuntilitisrecovered.）

Itisessentialatthisstagetograspthefactthateachoreisunique,andasaconsequencetherearenostandardmineralprocessingprocedures,eventhoughsomemayappeartobeverysimilar.Athoroughknowledgeofthemineralogyofanoreisthereforeessentialnotonlyforthedesignofaplant,butalsofortheresearchprogramthatcollectsdatatobeusedforplantdesign.Furthermore,onceamillisinoperation,regularappraisalofthemineralogyisjustasessentialforfinetuningandformaintainingefficiency.Thisarisesbecauseorebodiesarenothomogeneous;

thusvariationsinfeedmineralogyarenormalandmayoccurtosuchanextentthatmajorcircuitmodificationsarerequired.

Certainbasicmineralogicalknowledgeisimportant:

Thegradeoftheoreintermsofthevaluablemineral.

Thegrainsizeofthemineral.

Thecombinationofmineralspresent.

Therelativeformandassociationofminerals.

Theexistenceoftraceelementsinthelatticeofthevaluablemineral.

Theoccurrenceofminoramountsofpotentiallyvaluableminerals.

Newwords

rockn.岩石；

暗礁；

大石块；

v.摇动

crustn.硬壳；

面包皮；

theearth’scrust地壳；

v.用外皮覆盖；

结硬皮

igneousa.火成的；

似火的；

~rock火成岩

metamorphica.变质的；

~rock变质岩

sedimentarya.沉积的；

~rock沉积岩

mantlen.地幔；

罩，盖，外层；

v.罩上，盖上，扩展

abundancen.数量；

丰富

miningn.采矿；

矿业；

a.矿业的，采矿的

mineralprocessingn.选矿；

矿物加工

extr