海水淡化与饮用水Word文档下载推荐.docx

海水淡化与饮用水Word文档下载推荐.docx

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waterwillsoonbecomeaserioussocialcrisis.Aftertheoilcrisisofthenextwatercrisisis"

aseriouscase,solvethewaterhasarousedworldwideattention.Asearlyas1977,theUnitedNationstoconvenetheGeneralAssemblyofthewaterontotheworldthewarningwasissued.

Nearly30years,bothdevelopinganddevelopedcountriestoaddressthewaterissuehasbecometoensurethatpeopleliveanormallifeandsustainableeconomicdevelopmentanimportanttask.Tosolvethetaskofdrinkingwatertherearethree,thefirsthavingwatertodrink,tosolvetheproblemofwatershortage,andthesecondcouldnothavecontaminateddrinkingwater,addresswaterpollutionproblems,thethirdtodrinkahealthyeffectonthehumanbodyofwatertoaddressthedrinkingactivatedtodealwiththeissueofwater.Thesethreeaspectsofdrinkingwatermission,althoughofdifferentpriorities,butthehealthoftheguarantor,istheneedtoaddressco-ordinatethedevelopment.Thisarticlelinksthetasktosolvethethreeaspectsofdrinkingwatertodiscussthedevelopmentofourcountryuseanddesalinationofseawatersotheproblemofdrinkingwaterandrecommendations.

2"

Water"

istheeternalsubjectofhuman

Ontheproblemofwatershortage,thereisarecognizedinternationalstandard,isgenerallybelievedthatthecountry'

spercapitashareofrenewablefreshwaterannualvolumeof1700tonsinthefollowing,asadrycountry,1,000tonsinthefollowingcountriesasaseriouswatershortage.Atpresent,theworld'

spopulationaccountedfor40%ofseverewatershortageinmorethan80countries.ThemostseriouswatershortageintheMiddleEast.SaudiArabiaofwaterpercapitaperyearisonly249tons,95tonsofKuwait,Israel,300tons,936tonsofEgypt.Water

shortagenotonlyaffectsacountry'

seconomicdevelopmentandpeople'

snormallife,butalsocausedbyinter-Stateconflicts.UnitedNationspanelonglobalwarming,thePresident,thefamousmeteorologistJohn.HeapLordthatwithglobalwarmingledtoanumberofopposingcountriestocompetefordwindlingwaterresourcesinconflict,theoutbreakofthe21stcenturywillbewaterwars.199347thsessionoftheGeneralAssemblydecidedonMarch22eachyearas"

WorldWaterDay"

callingonothercountriesontheglobalprevalenceoftheproblemofwatershortageandwaterpollutioncausedbyvigilantandcarryoutcorrespondingactivitiestoraisepublicawarenessoffloodingisverycorrect.

China'

swatershortageisaseriouscountry.Althoughwaterresourcesare2800billionm3,rankssixthintheworld,thepercapitaresourcesare2220m3.However,theinclusionoftheUnitedNationstoChina'

swater-poorcountries,becauseofourspatialandtemporaldistributionofwaterresourcesextremelyuneven,thetimefocusonwaterresources,floodseasoneveryyearfor4months,waterin2/3isdifficulttomakeuseoftheflood.Theregionaldistributionofwaterresourcesdonotmatch,theYellowRiver,HuaiheRiver,HaiheRiverBasin,thecountry'

stotallandareaof13.4%,accountingfor39percentofarableland,populationaccountsfor35%,GDP（grossdomesticproduct）accountedfor32%ofthewaterresourcesaccountforonly7.7%percapitaofabout500m3.Inrecentyears,theareanorthofconsecutivedroughtintheYangtzeRiver,hasbeenusedinTianjinlastyearPanjiakoureservoirdeadstorage,butalsothebeginningoftheYellowRivertoTianjinurgentemergencywaterdiversionproject.Weihailastyeartodealwith"

dry"

thedevelopmentofmorethan1m3ofwaterafixedwaterchargeincreases40-foldmeasures.Inaddition,waterpollution,China'

smorerainintheSouthalsoexistsinvaryingdegreesofwaterpollution,someareasalsoveryserious.Therefore,inthefaceof"

aserioussituation,itisnecessarytoensurethatpeopleliveanormallifeandthesustainabledevelopmentofthenationaleconomy,tosolvetheproblemofwatershortageandalsoalong-termstrategictask.

3Humanbeingsbeabletoovercomethe"

water"

crisis

Aslongaspeopleofallcountriesinaddressingtheissueofwaterways,andactivelyincreaseincomeandreduceexpenditure,andactivelycarryouttheconstructionofwaterconservancyprojects,thedevelopmentofagricultureandotherwater-savingdripirrigationprojectstopoorareasofdevelopedcountriestolendahelpinghand,wewillcertainlybeableto

overcometheworld"

watershortage"

crisis.TheMiddleEasthaslongbeena"

areas.Theyusethetechnologydevelopedwateruseanddesalination,dripirrigationprojectsonagriculturaldevelopmenttoalleviateshortagesoffreshwatercrisisinthecountryplayedanimportantuse.Theirexperienceisworthyofourattention.

Issuesinourcountrybothinthewatermorethanwater（floods）ofthetrouble,andlittlewater（drought）concerns.Wemusthavealong-termfloodprotectionprogram,adefeatoftheopensourceofwater-savingprogramsofdrought,astrongprogramtopreventwaterpollution,andimplementeffective,wecanovercomethe"

problems.

Atpresent,wehaveovercomethe"

issues,awarenessisnotuniform,thepaceisalsoinconsistent,werenoteffective,implement,andeventheexistenceofcreating"

watershortage"

aseriousphenomenon.Forexample,industrialandagriculturalproductioninourdailylifeandthepeoplewastealotofwater,seriousneglectofexpenditure;

moreimportantinopenwater,buttheuseofrainwater,theuseofurbansewage,especiallyfornottakingwaterdonotpayenoughattentiontonotpayenoughattentiontotheuseofrivers,lakes,soilandwaterconservation,donotattachimportancetothepreventionofwaterpollution,sothatthecountry'

swatersourcesoffundsandthesituationisignored,think.Onitscauses,mainlythelackofawarenessofwaterresources,thelackofasenseofcrisisofwaterresources,lackofawarenessoftheecologicalenvironmentofwaterandsoilprotection,therefore,resultinginthedestructionofvegetation,soilerosion,rivers,lakes,groundwaterpollutionaserioussituation.

Theideaistoguideaction.Chinashouldtakeadvantageoftheannual"

tocarryouttheawarenessofwaterresources,waterresources,asenseofurgencytoprotecttheecologicalenvironmentofwaterandsoilawarenesscampaignstoraisepublicawarenessoftheflooding.Inparticular,sothatourcadresatalllevelsuptofloodalertisveryimportant.Weareasocialistcountry,fromthetheoryismostconcernedaboutsustainablehumandevelopmentcountries,wehavetheissueofsustainableuseofwaterresources,effortsshouldbemadeanexampletotheworld.

4Thedevelopmentofdesalinationofseawateruseandthesignificanceofandmeans

Morethan97%ofEarth'

swaterisdifficulttodirecthumanuseofwater.Thishugebodyofwatercontainswaterinexhaustiblevolumeoffreshwaterresourcesandotherwealthofmaterialresources.Atpresent,landinthefaceofhumanandmaterialresourcesoffreshwater

scarcityaconstantthreat,thedevelopmentandutilizationaccountedfor96.5%offreshwaterresourcesandaccountingfor3.5%ofavarietyofrichmineralresourcesistheinevitabletrendofdevelopment.ForthedevelopmentofChina'

swateruse,istosolvewatershortageproblems,developingthenationaleconomyandbuildingagreatmaritimepowerofthestrategicsignificanceofstrategicmeasures.

However,thedevelopmentandutilizationofseawatertoeasethewatershortagesituationinChina'

sstrategicsignificance,inourcountryhasnotyetattractedsufficientattention.Thedevelopmentandutilizationofwaterresourceshaveadirectuseanddesalinationofseawateruse.Thedirectuseofseawateralottoeasethewatershortageincoastalindustrialcityplaysanimportantrole.Accordingtostatistics,thecoastalcityofwatermorethan80%ofthetotalindustrialwater,industrialwaterandmorethan80%oftheindustrialcoolingwater.Atpresent,thedevelopedcoastalcitiesintheelectricpower,metallurgical,chemical,petroleum,coal,buildingmaterials,foodindustry,todowatercoolingwaterhasreached90%.China'

sDalian,Qingdao,Tianjin,Shanghaiandothercoastalcitieshavealsostartedtheuseofseawaterforcooling,washing,printinganddyeing,chemicalsalt,butalsofarlessthandevelopedcountries.Theuseofseawaterforflushing,theHongKongSARofChina'

snearly40-yearhistory,andChina'

scoastalcities,watershortages,thereisnotacitytouseseawaterforflushing.

Thedevelopmentofdesalinationuseabroadsoon.AccordingtotheInternationalDesalinationAssociation1998surveystatistics,theworld'

s100m3/dofdesalinationdeviceformorethanatotalof12,451units,makingthetotalamountofwaterhasreached22.735millionm3/d.Thanintheprevioussurveycyclestatistics,thenumberincreasedby39%,makingthetotalincreaseof64%water.Inparticular,haveexpandedrapidlyinsomecountriesintheMiddleEast.ItisreportedthatSaudiArabia'

s60desalinationonalargescaleindustriesdevelopment,andsetupadesalinationCorporation,hasoverallresponsibilityforprojectconstructionandmanagementofdesalination.Theyhaveestablishedtheworld'

s25large-scaledesalinationplant,theconstructionofadesalinationwatersupplyworld'

s