海水淡化与饮用水Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、water will soon become a serious social crisis. After the oil crisis of the next water crisis is a serious case, solve the water has aroused worldwide attention. As early as 1977, the United Nations to convene the General Assembly of the water on to the world the warning was issued.Nearly 30 years,

2、both developing and developed countries to address the water issue has become to ensure that people live a normal life and sustainable economic development an important task. To solve the task of drinking water there are three, the first having water to drink, to solve the problem of water shortage,

3、 and the second could not have contaminated drinking water, address water pollution problems, the third to drink a healthy effect on the human body of water to address the drinking activated to deal with the issue of water. These three aspects of drinking water mission, although of different priorit

4、ies, but the health of the guarantor, is the need to address co-ordinate the development. This article links the task to solve the three aspects of drinking water to discuss the development of our country use and desalination of sea water so the problem of drinking water and recommendations.2 Water

5、is the eternal subject of humanOn the problem of water shortage, there is a recognized international standard, is generally believed that the countrys per capita share of renewable fresh water annual volume of 1700 tons in the following, as a dry country, 1,000 tons in the following countries as a s

6、erious water shortage. At present, the worlds population accounted for 40% of severe water shortage in more than 80 countries. The most serious water shortage in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia of water per capita per year is only 249 tons, 95 tons of Kuwait, Israel, 300 tons, 936 tons of Egypt. Water

7、 shortage not only affects a countrys economic development and peoples normal life, but also caused by inter-State conflicts. United Nations panel on global warming, the President, the famous meteorologist John. Heap Lord that with global warming led to a number of opposing countries to compete for

8、dwindling water resources in conflict, the outbreak of the 21st century will be water wars. 1993 47th session of the General Assembly decided on March 22 each year as World Water Day, calling on other countries on the global prevalence of the problem of water shortage and water pollution caused by v

9、igilant and carry out corresponding activities to raise public awareness of flooding is very correct.Chinas water shortage is a serious country. Although water resources are 2800 billion m3, ranks sixth in the world, the per capita resources are 2220m3. However, the inclusion of the United Nations t

10、o Chinas water-poor countries, because of our spatial and temporal distribution of water resources extremely uneven, the time focus on water resources, flood season every year for 4 months, water in 2 / 3 is difficult to make use of the flood. The regional distribution of water resources do not matc

11、h, the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Haihe River Basin, the countrys total land area of 13.4%, accounting for 39 percent of arable land, population accounts for 35%, GDP （gross domestic product） accounted for 32% of the water resources account for only 7.7% per capita of about 500m3. In recent years,

12、the area north of consecutive drought in the Yangtze River, has been used in Tianjin last year Panjiakou reservoir dead storage, but also the beginning of the Yellow River to Tianjin urgent emergency water diversion project. Weihai last year to deal with dry the development of more than 1 m3 of wate

13、r a fixed water charge increases 40-fold measures. In addition, water pollution, Chinas more rain in the South also exists in varying degrees of water pollution, some areas also very serious. Therefore, in the face of a serious situation, it is necessary to ensure that people live a normal life and

14、the sustainable development of the national economy, to solve the problem of water shortage and also a long-term strategic task.3 Human beings be able to overcome the water crisisAs long as people of all countries in addressing the issue of water ways, and actively increase income and reduce expendi

15、ture, and actively carry out the construction of water conservancy projects, the development of agriculture and other water-saving drip irrigation projects to poor areas of developed countries to lend a helping hand, we will certainly be able to overcome the world water shortage crisis. The Middle E

16、ast has long been a areas. They use the technology developed water use and desalination, drip irrigation projects on agricultural development to alleviate shortages of fresh water crisis in the country played an important use. Their experience is worthy of our attention. Issues in our country both i

17、n the water more than water （floods） of the trouble, and little water （drought） concerns. We must have a long-term flood protection program, a defeat of the open source of water-saving programs of drought, a strong program to prevent water pollution, and implement effective, we can overcome the prob

18、lems.At present, we have overcome the issues, awareness is not uniform, the pace is also inconsistent, were not effective, implement, and even the existence of creating water shortage a serious phenomenon. For example, industrial and agricultural production in our daily life and the people waste a l

19、ot of water, serious neglect of expenditure; more important in open water, but the use of rainwater, the use of urban sewage, especially for not taking water do not pay enough attention to not pay enough attention to the use of rivers, lakes, soil and water conservation, do not attach importance to

20、the prevention of water pollution, so that the countrys water sources of funds and the situation is ignored, think. On its causes, mainly the lack of awareness of water resources, the lack of a sense of crisis of water resources, lack of awareness of the ecological environment of water and soil prot

21、ection, therefore, resulting in the destruction of vegetation, soil erosion, rivers, lakes, groundwater pollution a serious situation. The idea is to guide action. China should take advantage of the annual to carry out the awareness of water resources, water resources, a sense of urgency to protect

22、the ecological environment of water and soil awareness campaigns to raise public awareness of the flooding. In particular, so that our cadres at all levels up to flood alert is very important. We are a socialist country, from the theory is most concerned about sustainable human development countries

23、, we have the issue of sustainable use of water resources, efforts should be made an example to the world.4 The development of desalination of sea water use and the significance of and means More than 97% of Earths water is difficult to direct human use of water. This huge body of water contains wat

24、er inexhaustible volume of fresh water resources and other wealth of material resources. At present, land in the face of human and material resources of fresh water scarcity a constant threat, the development and utilization accounted for 96.5% of fresh water resources and accounting for 3.5% of a v

25、ariety of rich mineral resources is the inevitable trend of development. For the development of Chinas water use, is to solve water shortage problems, developing the national economy and building a great maritime power of the strategic significance of strategic measures.However, the development and

26、utilization of sea water to ease the water shortage situation in Chinas strategic significance, in our country has not yet attracted sufficient attention. The development and utilization of water resources have a direct use and desalination of sea water use. The direct use of sea water a lot to ease

27、 the water shortage in coastal industrial city plays an important role. According to statistics, the coastal city of water more than 80% of the total industrial water, industrial water and more than 80% of the industrial cooling water. At present, the developed coastal cities in the electric power,

28、metallurgical, chemical, petroleum, coal, building materials, food industry, to do water cooling water has reached 90%. Chinas Dalian, Qingdao, Tianjin, Shanghai and other coastal cities have also started the use of seawater for cooling, washing, printing and dyeing, chemical salt, but also far less

29、 than developed countries. The use of sea water for flushing, the Hong Kong SAR of Chinas nearly 40-year history, and Chinas coastal cities, water shortages, there is not a city to use sea water for flushing.The development of desalination use abroad soon. According to the International Desalination

30、 Association 1998 survey statistics, the worlds 100m3 / d of desalination device for more than a total of 12,451 units, making the total amount of water has reached 22.735 million m3 / d. Than in the previous survey cycle statistics, the number increased by 39%, making the total increase of 64% wate

31、r. In particular, have expanded rapidly in some countries in the Middle East. It is reported that Saudi Arabias 60 desalination on a large scale industries development, and set up a desalination Corporation, has overall responsibility for project construction and management of desalination. They have established the worlds 25 large-scale desalination plant, the construction of a desalination water supply worlds