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whenever每当,无论什么时候
Itiscoldwhenitsnows.
Whilethereislife,thereishope.
Whilewewerespeaking,hewasreadingnewspaper.
JustasMrsRichardswasenteringthedinning-room,therewasaknockonthefrontdoor.
Asweage,wetradestrengthforingenuity,speedforthoroughness,andpassionforreason.
随着年龄的增长,我们用力量换来了机敏,以速度换来了严谨,以热情换来了理智。
注:
1)when还可作并列连词,其意义为“那时,这时”,相当于andatthis/thattime。
常用于下列句式:
sb.wasdoingsth.when...某人正在干某事就在这时……
sb.wasaboutto/goingtodosth.when...某人正打算干某事就在这时……
sb.bodyhasjustdonesth.when...某人刚干了某事就在这时……
2)如果主句表示的是短暂动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时,when,while与as可互换使用。
如:
When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.
2、before/after
Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.五年之后我们才能见面。
Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.
Afterherhusbandhadgonetowork,shesentherchildrentoschool.
3、until,till,not...until
1)肯定句:
主句的谓语是延续性动词,主从句均为肯定式,意为“某动作一直持续到某时间点才停止”
PleasewaituntilIcomeback.等我回来。
2)否定句:
主句的谓语是非延续性动作,从句为肯定式,意为“某动作一直到时间点才开始”
Hewon’tgotobedtill/untilshereturns.
3)Till不可以用在句首,而until可以
UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.
4)not…until句型中的强调和倒装用法
ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.
NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaifit.
4、since从句谓语动词多用于一般过去时态,主句用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态
Shehasbeenworkinginthisfactorysincesheleftschool.
IhavewrittentoAlicefourtimessinceIcamehere.
Itis+一段时间+since从句的句型中,时间计算一律从since从句动作完成或状态结束时算起
Itisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.战争爆发以来,有三年了。
Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinourclass.她离开我们班有三年了。
5、assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment/minute/instant/second
nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely/barely…when…,“一……就”
once(一旦)
ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknowfatherwascoming.
DirectlyIhaddoneit,IknewIholdmadeamistake.
Theinstanthesawme,heranaway.
Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.
hardly/nosooner主句用过去完成时,when/than引导的从句用一般过去时,固定结构
Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.
6、bythetime到……时候;
到……之前(从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时)
each/everytime和thenexttime
BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.
Eachtimeshecame,Janebroughtmeanicebook.
二、地点状语从句where或wherever/anywhere/everywhere
1.Staywhereyouare.
2.Thephotoofminewastakenwherestoodthefamoushightower.
3.Whereveryougo,youcanseenewfactoriesandstories.
4.Everywhereyougo,youwillfindthesamething.
5.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
6.Plantswillgrowalmostanywherethereisplentyofair,waterandsunlight.
判断:
You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhavequestions.
You’dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhavequestions.
三、原因状语从句
because/as由于/for/since既然/nowthat/seeingthat/consideringthat…
1)because强调原因,是句子较重要的部分,在很多情况下,不能用since,for等替代。
Henrydidn’tgototheofficebecauseitwasraining.
Heresignedpartlybecausehewasoldandpartlybecausehewasboredwiththework.
Ididn’thelp,notbecauseIwasunwilling,butbecauseIwasunabletodoit.
2)as和since所提出的原因是已知的,或是句中不重要的部分,since较as稍正式一些
Ashisfatisinalargetown,hehasnogardenofhisown.
Sinceyoudon’ttrusthim,youshouldnotemployhim.
3)for,一种补充说明,而且for引导的句子不能放在句首,for是并列连词
Heseldomgoesoutnow,forheisveryold.
4)notthat…butthat...“不是因为……而是因为……”
It’snotthatI’mdissatisfied,butthatIhavemyownbusinesstoattendto.
5)inthat多出现主句之后;
seeingthat因为,鉴于;
consideringthat因为,考虑到
Ilikethisplace,butIlikemyhometownbetterinthatIhavemorefriendsthere.
Seeingthat/sincehewasthere,hemayhaveseenher.
Thatisexcusableconsidering/seeing(that)heissoyoung
四、条状语从句
1)真实条件从句:
属性,习惯,推测,对未来的预测
Ifyouheatice,itmelts.
IfheisinLondon,heisundoubtedlystayingatthishotel.
Ifbusinessmenwanttoborrowmoney,theygotoseetheirbankmanagers.
Ifhebreakshispromise,she’llneverspeaktohimagain.
2)非真实条件句:
虚拟语气
3)ifonly引导状语从句,要用虚拟语气,“但愿,要……就好了”
IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar.(对现在情况表示遗憾)
IfonlyIhadknownit,Iwouldn’thavetroubledhim.(对过去情况表示遗憾)
onlyif只有,用陈述语气
You’llsucceedonlyifyouputallyourheartintoit.
4)provided/providing(that)“在……条件下”,“要是”,“以……为条件”
oncondition(that)
underthecondition(that)
suppose/supposing(that)“假定”,主句多是疑问句
granted/granting(that)“假定…….”,“就算是”,有浓厚的让步意义,可意为“姑且”
giventhat…“假设”主要强调以假定的方式提出前提条件。
Iwillcomeproviding(that)Iamwellenough.
Iwillgothereontheconditionthatyouaccompanyme.
Supposinghecan’tcome,whowilldothework?
Grantedthatyouhavemadesomeprogress,youshouldnotbeconceited.
Giventhatthisistrue,whatshouldwedo?
5)as/solongas…“只要”重点在于时间的延续性,从句可用现在时表将来。
Youmayborrowthisbookaslongasyoukeepitclean.
6)unless“除非”,相当于“if…not…”,引导的从句不能用否定式
Iwillgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.
五、方式状语从句as“如,像”;
asif=asthough“好像,仿佛……似的”
Iliveasothersdo.
Helooksasifheisangry.
六、让步状语从句
1、though,although,while,whereas,evenif,eventhough“虽然,尽管”
Though和although两者意思相同,一般可互换使用,都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用。
Though/Althoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.
ThoughIbelieveit,yetImustconsider.
WhileIlikethestyleofthehat,Idon’tlikeitscolor.强调对比和差异
HethoughtIwaslying,whereasIwastellingthetruth.
EventhoughIwerestarving,Iwouldnotaskafavorofhim.
“即使”,有一种假想的可能性或推测,所以用虚拟语气
2、whether…ornot“不管……”
Whetherhecomesornot,theresultswillbethesame.
3、whatever=nomatterwhat,whichever=nomatterwhich
Whoever,whomever,whosever,whenever,wherever,however
Staycalmwhateverhappens.
Wheneverhecomes,hebringsussomeparents.
Whicheversidewins,Ishallbesatisfied.
4、as,though,that(as引导的让步状语从句需要倒装)
Poorthoughheis,heisgenerous.
Childthathewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.
Strangeasthisbehaviormaybe,thereisaverygoodreasonforit.
Tryashewill,heneverseemsabletosucceed.
七、结果状语从句
so+adj./adv.+.that从句
so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句
somany/few/much/little+名词+that从句
such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that从句
such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
such+alotof/lotsof+名词+that从句
Thewindwassostrongthathewouldhardlymoveforward.
Wehavesuchdifficultproblemsthatnoonewouldliketosolve.
Heissuchalovelychildthateverybodyloveshim.
Hegavemesolittletimethatitwasimpossibleformetofinishtheworkontime.
Therearesomanypicture-storybooksthattheboywon’tleave.
sothat
Heworkshardeveryday,sothathegetsthefirstprizeinclass.
注意:
当so或such置于句首,主句要用倒装语序。
Socleverastudentwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.
八、目的状语从句
sothat,inorderthat,totheendthat
Isteppedasidesothathewouldgoin.
lest,incase“免得,以免”;
forfearthat,生怕
Shetooktheumbrellalestit(should)rain.
Thereissomemoneyincaseyouneedit.
Marydidn’twantgetoutofbedforfearthatshemightwakeherbabyup.
九、比较状语从句
as…as,notas/so…as,thesame…as,such…as和……一样
more…than…,less…than…,
the+比较级,the+比较级,
Thissuggestionisasgoodasthatone.
TomisasgoodastudentasJack=TomissuchagoodstudentasJack.
Thesooner,thebetter.
Morehaste,lessspeed.
在比较级中要,注意比较的对象要一致
TheweatherinShanghaiishotterthanthatinBeijing.
Thestudentsinmyclassaremorethanthoseinyours.
表达倍数,可用三种形式
Thisbuildingisoncetallerthanthatone.
Thisbuildingistwiceastallasthatone.
Thisbuildingistwicetheheightofthatone.
状语从句中的紧缩现象
1时间状语从句中常见的紧缩形式:
Don’tspeakuntilspokento有人对你说话时你才说。
Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦被看见,它便不会被忘记。
WhileinBeijing,IpaidavisittotheSummerPlace.在北京时,我参观了颐和园。
Pressurecanbereducedwhenneeded.必要时压力非唯心减。
Iprefermymilkalittlesweetwheneverpossible.
可能的话,我喜欢牛奶甜点。
Hewasaswimmerwhenachild.他小时侯就是一名游泳运动员。
Shealwayssingswhiledoingherwork.她干活时总唱歌。
2条件状语从句中常见的紧缩形式:
Cometomorrowifpossible.可能的话就明天来吧
Ifso,youmustgetbackandgetit.如果这样的话,你必需把它拿来。
I’llbuyaTVsetifnecessary.如有必要我们就买一台电视机。
Hehasnomoney,ifany,hewillgiveus.他没有钱,如果有他会给我们的。
Ifinneed,don’thesitatetoaskmeformoney.
如要钱,不必犹豫,向我要就是了。
Thegirlnevergiveinunlesswrong.这女孩不会屈服的,除非她错了。
Unlessrepaired,themachineisofnouse.这台机器如不修便毫无用处。
3方式状语从句中常见的紧缩形式:
Someflowersshutupatnightasif(theydidthisinorder)tosleep.
有些花夜间收拢,好象为了睡眠一样。
Thewomanteacherhurriedlylefttheclassroomasthough(shewas)angry.
这位女教师匆匆茫茫离开教室,好象生气了。
Janeseemedasif(shewas)goodateverything.
琼好象擅长一切。
4其它状语从句的紧缩形式:
Thoughcold,hestillworeashirt.天气虽然冷,但他还穿一件衬衣。
Theman,while(heis)wellovereighty.CanwalkfasterthanI.
这人虽然年过八十,却比我走得快。
Beingblind(=Ashewasblind),hecouldn’tseeanything.
他瞎了,什么东西也看不见。
Fillintheblankwitharticleswherenecessary.
在需要的地方填上冠词。
真题演练
1(2012全国卷I)25.Idon'
tbelievewe'
vemetbefore,_______Imustsayyoudolookfamiliar.
A.thereforeB.althoughC.sinceD.unless
2(2012全国卷I)29.Thisrestaurantwasn'
t_______thatotherrestaurantwewentto.
A.halfasgoodasB.ashalfgoodasC.asgoodashalfD.goodashalfas
3(2012全国卷II)11.Ihadhardlygottotheoffice___mywifephonemetogobackhomeatonce.
A.whenB.thanC.untilD.after
4(2012北京卷)21.—Lookatthoseclouds!
—Don’tworry.______itrains,we’llstillhaveagreattime.
A.EvenifB.AsthoughC.IncaseD.Ifonly
5(2012上海卷)32.Ihaveatightbudgetforthetrip,soI'
mnotgoingtoflytheairlineslowerticketprices.
A.onceB.ifC.afterD.unless
6(2012上海卷)40.Themapisoneofthebesttoolsamanhashegoestoanewplace.
A.wheneverB.whateverC.whereverD.however
7(2012天津卷)14.Everythingwasplacedexactly___________hewanteditforthegraduationceremony.
A.whileB.whenC.whereD.though
8(2012江苏卷)30.One’slifehasvalue________onebringsvaluetothelifeofothers.
A.sothatB.nomatterhowC.aslongasD.exceptthat
9(2012湖南卷)28.________IalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.
A.WhileB.OnceC.IfD.Until
10(2012湖南卷)32.________hardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.
A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Whenever
11(2012福建卷)30.ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficulties____itgetsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.
A.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.since
12(2012陕西卷)18.Hot_______thenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.
A.althoughB.asC.