某著名培训班 图表作文讲稿Word下载.docx
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1990
Grain
49%
47%
46.5%
45%
Milk
10%
11%
12%
13%
Meat
17%
20%
22.5%
23%
21%
Fruitandvegetable
24%
22%
Total
100%
"
ChangesinPeople'
sDiet"
一文是1991年6月份四级考试作文题。
实际上从此文表格的提示中不难把握文章的内涵和范围。
根据三段法写作的原则,第一段阐述近6年来人们饮食上变化的总况(包括哪些需求的降低或增加)。
第二段是文章的重点,着重说明变化的原因。
从归纳出的原因中反映出了人们现在在经济实力提高的前提下更加注意科学的营养。
第三段则从个人的理解得出结论,展示人们饮食结构的变化所带来的益处和光明的前景,从而使主题思想更突出。
sDiet
Ascanbeseenfromthetable,greatchangestookplaceinpeople'
sdietfrom1986to1990.Theconsumptionofgraindecreasedyearbyyear,whilethatofsomehigh-energyfood,suchasmilkandmeat,increasedsteadily.
Whyweretherechangesinpeople'
sdiet?
Thereweretwomajorreasons,Ithink.First,peoplecouldaffordtobuymoreexpensivefoodwithbetternutrition.Second,peoplepaidmoreattentiontothequalityoftheirdiet,becausetheyknewitwasofgreatbenefittotheirhealthtoeatinascientificway.Therefore,theyweretryingtheirbesttoimprovethestructureoftheirfood.
Fromtheabove,wecanseethatpeople'
slivingstandardimprovedmarkedlyinthefiveyearsbetween1986-1990.Andwecanalsoexpectthattheirlifewouldbemoreprosperousinyearstocome.
ChangesinPeople’sDiet
Dietisveryimportantinpeople’slife.From1987to1990.people’sdietchangedalot.Grainwasnolongerregardedasthemainfood.Andastheproportionoffruitandvegetablesdeclined,theconsumptionofmilkandmeat
increased.
Whatcausedthesechanges?
Therearetworeasons.Oneisthatwiththedevelopmentofscience,peoplebegantorealizetheimportanceofmaintainingabalanceddiet.Theotheristhatpeoplehadmoremoneytospendandcouldaffordmoreexpensivefood.Theytriedtochangetheirlow-priceddietintoamorevariedone.Theywereeagertobuildupastrongbodybyimprovingtheirlivingstandards.
Withthedevelopmentofoureconomyandtheimprovementofourfoodsupply,furtherchangeswilltakeplaceinpeople’sdiet.
例2
Directions:
WriteacompositionbasedonthechartsoftheaveragefamilyexpensesintheUnitedStated.Theopeningsentenceisgivenandyouarerequiredtodevelopitintoafullcomposition.
Theopeningsentence:
TheaveragefamilyincomeintheUnitedStatesincreasedfrom12,000dollarsperyearin1980to16,000dollarsin1985.
TheAverageFamilyExpenses
TheaveragefamilyincomeintheUnitedStateshasincreasedfrom12,000dollarsperyearin1980to16,000dollarsin1985.Inthemeantime,thestructureoftheaveragefamilyexpenseshaschanged,too.Thesegraphsshowthechangeclearly.
Thebiggestpartoftheaveragefamilyexpenseswashousing.In1980,theaveragefamilyspent25percentofitsincomeonhousing.In1985,expensesonhousingroseto32percent.Foodanddrinkwerethesecondbiggestpartoftheaveragefamilyexpenses.In1980,about18%oftheaverageincomewasspentonthisitem.In1985,thefiguregrewto22%.Asaresultofsuchincreaseintheexpensesonhousingandfood,expensesonotheritemshavebeenreducedfrom57%in1980to46%in1985.
Thus,aconclusioncanbedrawnthatasincomeincreases,peoplecanimprovetheirlivingstepbystep.Butstilltheaveragefamilyhastospendalargepartofincometomeettheessentialneeds.
例3
HealthGainsinDevelopingCountries
①以下图为依据,描述发展中国家的期望寿命(lifeexpectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infantmortality)的变化情况。
②说明引起变化的种种原因。
LifeExpectancy
Yearsold
InfantMortality
deathsper1,000births
250
80200
60150
40100
2050
00
1960199019601990
这是一个“两段式”图表作文。
段1要求描述“期望寿命”和“婴儿死亡率”的变化情况。
首先要看懂图表中数字间的相关意义。
两个图表中两组数字间的关系是不同的。
在“期望寿命”变化图中,横坐标的数字是时间(从1960到1990年),纵坐标的数字是期望寿命。
从图中矩形图的变化情况可以看出,在30年里,发展中国家的“期望寿命”提高了20岁。
在“婴儿死亡率”变化图中,横坐标还是表示时间(这就与左图有了可比性),而纵坐标的数字表示每1,000新生儿中的死亡率。
从矩形图的变化趋势看,在30年里,发展中国家的“婴儿死亡率”从200降到了100。
从上述对图表的观察,可以看出图表所反映的情况是,从1960到1990的30年中,发展中国家的“婴儿死亡率”下降了100个千分点,而“期望寿命”提高了20岁。
那么发生这种变化的原因是什么呢?
在段2中,要从社会的、经济的、文化的角度来分析各种可能的原因。
因此,学生必须善于分析问题,思考问题,能够从现象中挖掘出问题的本质。
如果平时在阅读中不注重分析能力的培养,课外阅读兴趣又十分狭窄,那么反映到作文上,就是思维简单,分析表面化。
就“婴儿死亡率”和“期望寿命”而言,应该可以从以下几个方面寻找原因:
—社会的:
经济发展,生活水平提高,人的寿命增加。
—科学的:
医疗技术进步,婴儿的健康得到进一步保障。
—文化的:
文明程度的提高,使人们更加注意生活质量。
通过上述分析,这篇图表作文的“发展提纲”就可以写出来了:
1thechangesoflifeexpectancyandinfantmortality:
—thechangeoflifeexpectancy:
ithasrisenby20yearsold.
—thechangeofinfantmortality:
ithasdecreasedby100‰.
2thereasonsforthegreatchanges:
—thesocialandeconomicaldevelopment.
—theimprovementoflivingconditions.
—theadvancementofmedicaltechnology.
—thechangeofpeople’sideasoflifeandhealth.
范文:
Inthedevelopingcountriesgreatchangestookplaceinlifeexpectancyandinfantmortalityintheperiodfrom1960to1990.In1960lifeexpectancywasverylow,whileinfantmortalitywasveryhigh.However,in1990lifeexpectancyincreased,whereasinfantmortalitydeclined.
Therearemanyreasonsforthechanges,butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.First,theirlivingconditionswereimproved.Intheolddayspeopleinthedevelopingcountriessufferedhungerandwereexposedtotheelements.Nowadaystheyarewellfedandhoused.Naturallytheylivelongerthanbefore.Besides,themedicalconditionwasalsoimprovedandsotheadequatemedicaltreatmentensurestheadults’healthandreducesinfantmortality.Mostimportantofall,intheearly60stherewereconstantwarsinsomedevelopingcountriesbecauseofthecolonialruleandsoalotofpeoplewerekilledinwars.Nowadaysmostdevelopingcountrieshavebecomeindependentcountriesandtheirpeopleliveapeacefullife.
Inconclusion,thenationalindependenceandsocialstabilityareresponsibleforthesechanges.
例4(图表写作练习)
1分析表格所给出的信息。
2分析今后成人教育发展走向和主要原因。
年度
A地区成人教育学生总数
7,263
1992
15,679
1997
43,205
段1分析表格信息:
从1987年到1997年10月间,接受成人教育的人数增长6倍多。
段2分析发展走向和原因:
从表中提供的数字可以预料,在今后10年内,接受成人教育的人数将继续大幅度增加。
究其原因:
其一,社会竞争加剧;
其二,国家办学规模扩大;
其三,个人需求提高。
因此,“发展提纲”可以草拟如下:
①分析表格信息:
从1987到1997,学生增加6倍多。
②分析发展走向:
1997年以后,成教学生人数将继续增加。
3分析原因:
个人需要深造,社会竞争激烈,国家办学规模扩大。
依据这个“发展提纲”,作文可以完成如下:
套用模板
(1)
Itisobviousinthetablethatthenumberofpeoplewhoattendadulteducationhasundergonedramaticchanges.Ithasgoneupconsiderablyinrecentyears.In1987,thereare7,263peopleregisteringforadulteducation.However,thenumberincreasedto43,205in1997.
Whatisthereasonforthischange?
Mainlytherearethreereasonsbehindthesituationreflectedinthetable.Firstly,peopleinever-increasingnumber,owingtotheintenseofharshcompetition,havereaizedtheimportanceofknowledgeanddivedintotheseaofknowledgeinordertoperformbetterinlife.Secondly,withthedevelopmentofeconomy,people’sformerknowledgeisnolongerasapplicableasitwas.Economicdevelopmentinevitablydemandsthatpeoplelearnnewthings.Apartfromtheabovereasons,ourcountry’sactualsituationofeducationresultsintheincrease.Regularschoolscouldaccommodateonlyafixednumberofstudents,whilethenumberofthosewhowouldliketocontinuetheireducationwouldbemuchlarger.Adulteducationisaneffectivewayofsolvingtheproblem.
Fromtheabovediscussions,wehaveenoughreasontopredictthatadulteducationwillbecomemorepopular.Thetrendthatmorepeopleareattendingadulteducationwillcontinueforquitealongtime.
Asisshowninthetable,wecanseeclearlythatmoreandmorepeopleattendingadulteducation.In1987,7,263peopleregisteredforadulteducation.Thenumberincreasedto15,679in1992,whileitaddedupto43,205in1997.Therefore,itcanbepredictedthatadulteducationistobecomeevenmorepopular.
Therearechieflythreereasonsfortheincrease.Firstly,peopleinever-increasingnumber,owingtotheintenseofharshcompetition,havereaizedtheimportanceofknowledgeanddivedintotheseaofknowledgeinordertoperformbetterinlife.Secondly,withthedevelopmentofeconomy,people’sformerknowledgeisnolongerasapplicableasitwas.Economicdevelopmentinevitablydemandsthatpeoplelearnnewthings.Apartfromtheabovereasons,ourcountry’sactualsituationofeducationresultsintheincrease.Regularschoolscouldaccommodateonlyafixednumberofstudents,whilethenumberofthosewhowouldliketocontinuetheireducationwouldbemuchlarger.Adulteducationisaneffectivewayofsolvingtheproblem.
Inspiteofwhatismentionedabove,therearesomeflawsinadulteducation.Forexample,thecurriculaaretoomonotonous.Hence,thesituationisstillseriousandhowtoprovidepeoplewithmorepracticaloccupationaltrainingandmoretheoreticaltrainingrespectivelyisstillachallengingtask.
段1中,“主题句”套用典型段首句式,指出表格所反映的事实。
发展句1~2具体描述数字信息,发展句3预测未来发展趋势。
段2从三个方面分析“成教发展”的原因。
原因1:
个人提高的需要;
原因2:
社会发展的需要;
原因3:
正规学校的规模有限。
段3从成教现存的问题进一步分析成教的发展。
需要指出的是,在六级考试中,如果写作提纲中没有要求第三段的内容,那么写两段就足够了。
数据式图表作文写作要素
一、用好具有自我特色的语句,提高语言的准确性
数据式图表作文的语言也具有很强的自我特色,了解这一点可以少走弯路,少犯错误,从而有效提高语言的准确性。
数据式图表作文规律出现的语句有:
反映数量变化的rise/increase/goup/grow,drop/godown/decrease/fall/reduceto,morethan,lessthan,moreandmore;
反映背景对比的compare…to,compare…with,contrastto;
反映现象相互间关系的as…as,thesameas,besimilarto,bedifferentfrom;
反映数量比例的four-fiths,eightypercent,halfof,aquarterof,threetimesas…as;
交待社会现象产生背景的becausedby,bemadeby,leadto等。
二、用好过渡性词汇,增强行文逻辑性
数据式图表作文具有较强的逻辑性,为此应用好过渡性词汇。
数据式图表作文常见的过渡性词汇有:
表对比的but,however,while