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2012年9月

OnCollegeEducation

Abstract:

Foralongtime,education,especiallycollegeeducation,isasignificanttopicthatwehavediscussednationally.Asisknowntoall,ithasbeenaparamountprobleminourcountry.Inordertohaveafurthercomprehensionaboutcurrentsituationofcollegeeducationinourcountry,wespentdaysgoingthroughallrelatedreferencematerialandcomparedthecollegeeducationincurrentChinawiththatinothercountriesandrepublicanperiod.Simultaneously,weconductedasurveytoknowaboutthethoughtsofcollegestudentsaboutcurrenthighereducationandanalyzedtheresults.Itisapitythatoureducationsystemstillhasalotofleaks.Ourpurposeistoperfectitatfullsteam.

Keywords:

collegeeducation;

imperfection;

comprehension

1.Introduction

Collegeeducationisofgreatsignificanceforthedevelopmentofacountry.Favorableacademiacanprovideinnumerabletalentedelites,whowillmakegreatcontributiontotheconstructionofourcountry.Inotherwords,thefutureofourcountryliesincollegestudents.Therefore,howtoimproveandperfectcollegeeducationappearsofgreatconcern.

2.ThecomparisonbetweenthecollegeeducationinChinaandothercountries

2.1.Itiseasytoenterbutdifficulttograduatefromaforeigncollege,whilethesituationinChinesecollegeisconverse.

Forthepolicyaboutthecollegeentryandthegraduationinsomecountriesisthatitiseasytoenterbutdifficulttograduate.TakeEnglandforanexample,everybodyhastherighttostudyinacollegenomatterheorshecomesfromlocalareaorothercountriesonthebasisofpassingexams.Butduringtheschooling,30％ofthestudentswillbeeliminated.Inaddition,forthegraduationtheprocessisextremelyrigorous,whichcontributestothequalityofthegraduates.

InChina,theenrollmentofnewstudentsbasesmostlyontheuniversityentranceexaminationwhichisquiethardforyoungcitizens.Meanwhile,thiskindofcriterioncannottotallyevaluateone’sability,anditcouldmisleadstudentsaboutthetargetoflearning.

2.2.Intermsofsettingcourses,includedareoptionalcourses,generaleducationandspecializedcoursesabroad,whileChinesecollegespaymoreattentiontothecultivationofspecializedsocialmembers.

GeneraleducationoriginatedinAmerica,whosegoalisnurturinglearners’basicindustries.InAmerica,studentsdonothaveexplicitmajorsintheirfirsttwoyears,andtheylearngeneralcourses,whichbroadentheireyesandhelpthemgraduallyfindtheirinterests.

However,oureducationpolicyfollowedthemodelofSovietUnionafter1950s,sothesubjectscouldnotbecomemoredetailed.Inthemediumof1980s,thetotalnumberofmajorssoaredto1343.

2.3.Thefundsinvestedtoeducationvary.

Educationconsumingaccountedfor5.1%oftheGNPonworld’saveragelevel.Fordevelopedcountries,thepercentageis5.3%,thecounterpartinIndiaandChinaare3.5%and2.3%respectively.Thecountrywhosepopulationconstituted40%oftheworld’sinvestedonly1.5%oftheworld’seducationconsumingtoitseducationarea.

2.4.Ontheforeigneducationmodel,studentsactastheleadingroles,andtheyobeythetotalcreditsystem.WhileinChina,teachersareleadersandenforcetheacademicyearcreditsystem.

Foraninstance,collegestudentsinAmericahavetherighttochoosenotonlytheirsubject,buttheircourses,time,teachersandeventheirlearningmethods,whichpermitsstudentstograduateaheadoftime.

Althoughrecentyearsourcountryhasstartedtocarryoutthecreditsystem,thecountrystillneedsmoretimetorealizethetotalcreditsystem.InChina,electivecourseshaveemerged,buttherangeofthecoursesisnarrowandfixed.Consideringthis,itisnottherealcreditsystem.

2.5.Forteachingpersonnel,itishigh-levelandinternationaloverseas,whiletheinternalremainstoimprove.

Foreignuniversitiesattachmuchimportancetoteachers.Ontheonehand,theyinviterenownedscholarstoholdlecturesforundergraduates.Ontheotherhand,theystimulatetheirprofessorstobeinternationalprofessors.InYaleUniversity,thecriterionofassessingaprofessionisextremelystark.HalfoftheteachersinYaleUniversityareforeignteachers.

RecentlytheimportanceofexcellentteachingpersonnelisincreasinglyrealizedbytheauthoritiesinChina.However,therelatedpolicyhasnotbeencompleted;

especially,notalltheteachershavethecapacitytocultivatetalentedstudents.ItisalsoubiquitousinChinathatsomeprofessorsarealsoinchargeofotherposts,whichoccupiestheirtime.Forinternationalcommunication,thoughthereisstillgapbetweenourcollegesandforeigncolleges,weareconsistentlydeveloping.

AfteranalyzingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandforeigncollegeeducation,letusfocusonthecollegeeducationintheRepublicofChina.

3.CollegeeducationintheRepublicofChina

RepublicanperiodcanbedescribedasadarkandhumiliatingepochinChinesehistory.Inthisperiod，warlordsmelee,foreigninvasionandcivilwarbrokeout.Facedwithdomestictroubleandforeigninvasion,Chinaisindirestraits.However,itisduringthisperiodthatChinesehighereducationusheredinagoldenageofrapiddevelopment.Universitiesatthattimewerefarbetterthantodayintalentcultivation.WhatonearthcausedtheretrogressionofcollegeeducationinChina?

Letusmakeacarefulanalysisofthisstrangephenomenon.

3.1.EducationexpenditureAtthebeginningoftheestablishmentoftheRepublicofChinain1912,SunYat-senimmediatelyimplementedfreeandcompulsoryeducationinChinaandstipulatedthattheexpenditureforeducation,science,technologyandcultureshouldnotbelessthan15%ofitstotalbudget.Inthecontemporaryage,ourcountry'

seducationexpenditurestillcannotreachupto4%oftheGDP.Justfromtheaspectofeducationexpenditurewecaneasilyexpoundtheretrogressionofcontemporarycollegeeducation.

3.2.TeachingstaffWhenitcomestothemastersoftheRepublicanperiod,peoplewillnaturallythinkofLuXun,HuShi,ZhuZiqing,WenYiduo,XianXinghai,LiangSicheng,JiXianlin,andsoon.However,nowadayswhocanbegiventheappellation“theMaster”?

Astheoldsayinggoes"

Thebestwaytolearnistolearnfromthebest"

.Undertheguidanceofthesemasters,elitistswillspringuplikebambooshootsafteraspringrain.ThisexplainswhyalloftheChineseAmericanNobelPrizewinnersarefromtherepublicancolleges.

3.3.StudentsselectionTherepublicancollegesfollowednosetformwhentheyevaluateapplicants.Aslongasonewasproficiencyinaparticularline,thecollegewouldadmityou.Forexample,thefamousscholarQianZhongshuoncetookpartintheentranceexamsofTsinghuaUniversityin1929.Hismathwasonly15pointsbuthegotfullmarksinChineseandEnglish.TsinghuaUniversitycherishedhisgeniusandmakeanexceptiontoadmithim.SuchamiracleisabsolutelyimpossibleInmoderntimes.Unconscionableselectionmodealsoleadstoaseriousproblemthattoday'

sstudentsarestereotypedandmediocre.

3.4.AcademicfreedomAsCaiYuanpeisaid:

"

Freedomofthoughtisthegeneralpracticeofworld-classuniversities."

ThecollegesoftheRepublicgenerallyadvocatefreedomanddemocracyandmaintainahighdegreeofautonomy.However,intoday'

scolleges,administrativeauthorityandacademyco-exist.Shroudedinmoneyandauthority,academicresearchisnotpureanymore.Whenacollegepaysattentiontootherthingsinsteadoftheacademicexcessively,sheisdifficulttogainabigachievement.ThisistheprobableanswertotheinquiryofQianXuesen.

Inshort,therepublicanmastershavepassedaway,weshouldnotonlyengravetheworktheyleft,butalsolearnfromtheirpersonalityofindependentthinkandthoughtofacademicfreedom.Onlyinthiswaycanweexcelourpredecessors.

4.Investigation

Weconductedasurveytoknowaboutthethoughtsofcollegestudentsaboutcurrenthighereducation.Thedetailsofquestionnairecanbecheckedontheappendix.Hereissomeexplanationaboutthesurvey.

Wesentout50questionnairesintotalandwegot50back.Thespecialpointisthatwesent25questionnairestofreshmenfortheyhavejuststartedtheircollegelivesandtheircollegeexperienceiszero.Maybetheirviewpointcanstandforpeoplewithoutcollegeexperience.Wehavetopointoutthatweonlyconductedthesurveybetweenboys,becausefreshmenareonspecialoccasions.Sotheresultcanbealittledifferentfromthetruth,butitisclose.Andresultsareasfollows:

Num.

Freshman

Sophomore,JuniorandSenior

A

B

C

D

1

25

16

9

2

10

13

3

15

5

19

4

8

14

6

17

7

21

Hereistheanalysisoftheresults:

Astheresultsdemonstrate,moststudentsstudynotonlyforknowledge,butalsofortheabilitytostudybythemselves,whichisrequiredinthisfierceworld.“Whatwelearntodayislimited,anditisnotenoughforourfuturejob.Thereissomuchtolearn,wehavetolearnbyourselves.”SophomorestudentZhangsaid.

Thepityisthatthoughourgovernmentcontributesalargenumberofresourcestotheestablishmentandperfectionofeducationsystem,studentswithcollegeexperienceholdtheconvictionthatcurrenteducationsystemreducedtheirintereststostudy.Comparatively,thosewithnoorlittlecollegeexperiencedonothaveaclea