Analysis on Howard Goldblatts Translation of Rice From the Perspective of Translator SubjectivitWord格式.docx
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Withtheemergenceofcultureturninthe1980s,translator’sinvisiblestatushasbeenchanged.Translationprocessisnolongerconsideredasasimpleconversionprocessfromtheoriginallanguagetothetargetlanguage,butaprocessfullofcreativity.
RiceistheChinesenovelistSuTong’ssecondnovelwhichdealswithChinainthe1930s.HevividlyportraysDepression-eraChinaandthecharactersthatpopulatethisnovel.HowardGoldblattdevoteshimselftothetranslationofmodernandcontemporaryChinesenovelsintoEnglishandRiceisoneofhisnumerousworks.Hisimpeccabletranslationdoesmuchjusticetotheflowofthetale.FromthestudyonGoldblatt’scase,inspirationscanbedrawnontheexerciseoftranslator’ssubjectivityintheprocessofintroducingandtranslatingChineseliteraturetotheworld.
Researchmethodssuchasexemplificationandinductionwereadoptedinthisarticle.Differentinterpretationsoftranslator’ssubjectivitywerereviewedatthebeginningofthearticleaccordingtoProfessorLü
Jun’sdivisionofthreeparadigmsinChinesetranslationstudy.Theinfluentialfactorsontranslator’ssubjectivitywereanalyzedonthetheoreticalbasisofmanipulationschoolandfunctionalistschool.ThemanifestationofHowardGoldblatt’ssubjectivityinthetranslationofRicewasanalyzed,followedbyreflectionsontheexerciseoftranslator’ssubjectivity.
Keywords:
Translator’ssubjectivity;
HowardGoldblatt;
TranslationofRice
Qiu,X.(2015).AnalysisonHowardGoldblatt’sTranslationofRicefromthePerspectiveofTranslator’Subjectivity.CanadianSocialScience,11(3),-0.Availablefrom:
http:
//
DOI:
//dx.doi.org/10.3968/6623
INTRODUCTION
Forquitealongtime,undertheinfluenceofsource-textorientedtheory,traditionaltranslationstudieshavethistendencytoconsiderfaithfulnessand/orequivalencetheabsolutestandardintheevaluationandjudgmentofatranslation.
Iseetranslationastheattempttoproduceatextsotransparentthatitdoesnotseemtobetranslated.Agoodtranslationislikeapaneofglass.Youonlynoticethatit’stherewhentherearefewimperfections-scratches,bubbles.Ideally,thereshouldn’tbeany.Itshouldnevercallattentiontoitself.(Venuti,1995,p.1)
Consequently,thetranslatortrieshis/herbesttoreducethesubjectivityinvolvedintheprocessoftranslation.Despitenumerousarticlesandresearchesonthesignificanceofthetranslator’ssubjectivity,theprinciplesandcriterionsonthedisplayortheexerciseoftranslator’ssubjectivityremaincontroversial.Manycontemporarytranslationtheoriessuchasfunctionalistschool,descriptiveschool,hermeneutics,deconstructionism,aestheticsofreceptionetc.arestartingtoquestiontheauthorityoftheoriginal.Theypushtranslatorsintoamoreauthoritativeandsubjectiveposition.Studyontranslator’ssubjectivitycanbetterourunderstandingoftheroleandnatureofthetranslatornotonlyintheprocessoftranslationbutalsointheculturalcommunicationandconstruction. HowardGoldblattenjoysthehighestpositioninChineseliteraturetranslatorsintheWesternworld.ChinesetranslationscholarsconcentratetheirstudyonseveraltypicalnovelsincludingWolfTotem,RedSorghum,BigBreastsandWideHipsetcfromvariousperspectives,whileSuTong’sRiceisrarelymentionedinthestudies.Underthisbackground,thisarticletriestofinditswaytotheexplorationofGoldblatt’stranslationofRicefromtheperspectiveofthetranslator’ssubjectivity.
1.STUDYONTRANSLATOR’SSUBJECTIVITYINCHINA
Chinesescholarshavemadehugeprogressontheconstructionoftranslationtheory.Theygraduallydeepenedtheirawarenessandunderstandingoftheobjectsandpropertiesoftranslation.ProfessorWangZuoliang(1997)andTanZaixi(2000)madeaclearexplanationontheobjectsoftranslation;
ProfessorLiuMiqing(2007)andLü
Jun(2006)alsoexploredthenatureoftranslation.ProfessorLü
Junbelievesthattranslationhasgonethroughthreephases,whicharealsoknownasthreeparadigms:
paradigmofphilology,paradigmofstructuralismandparadigmofdeconstructionism.Heanalyzesthephilosophicalandtheoreticalfoundationofthosethreeparadigmsseparately,pointingouttheirweaknesses.Inhisview,theparadigmofphilologylackssystematictheory.Translationisunderstoodasaninspirationalandirrationalperformanceunderthisparadigm.Thephilosophicalfoundationisbasedonacertaindegreeofsubjectivismandmysticism.Linguisticsisthetheoreticalfoundationoftheparadigmofstructuralism.Theparadigmofstructuralismgivesfullexplanationontheimportanceofthetext,butitstepstoanextremeforover-emphasizingthetext.Itputsexcessiveemphasisonlinguisticgeneralityandlanguageanalysis,ignoringthedifferencesbetweenlanguagesandtranslator’ssubjectivityandcreativity.Whileinthedeconstructionismparadigm,undertheinfluenceofHermeneutics,receptionaestheticsanddeconstructionism,thesubjectivityofthetranslatorisawakened,reaffirmedandundisciplined.
Fromtheanalysisabovewecanseethat,paradigmofphilologyandparadigmofdeconstructionismareirrational.Translator’ssubjectivityandtranslator’sinitiativearecloselyrelated.Translator’ssubjectivityisinterpreteddifferentlyinthethreeparadigms.Inparadigmofphilology,translationactivitiesarebelievedtobedependentonthetranslator’spersonality,extensiveknowledgeandtranslationskills.Thisinterpretationoftranslator’ssubjectivityisnotbasedonscientificepistemology,soduringthisperiod,mosttranslationstudiesareabouttranslationmethodratherthantranslationtheory.Instructuralismparadigm,thetranslator’sstatusisdowngradedsharply.Translator’ssubjectivityisrestrainedandthetextisseenasafixed,closedandself-sufficientsystem,whichhasnothingtodowiththesubjectiveexperience.Withthedevelopmentoftranslationstudiesinrecentyears,moreandmorescholarsbegintoexploretranslationfromdifferentangles.Paradigmofdeconstructionismisatheoryofskepticismandanon-rationalthought.Deconstructionismdeniesthesignificanceofdeterminismandannouncesthedeathoftheauthor.Itgivestranslatorabsoluterightofexplanationandtranslator’srewritingisbelievedtobenecessarytomaketheoriginalwidelyspreadintheworldandconstantlysurvive. Fromthereviewabove,wecanseethetranslator’shumblestatushaschangedgreatlyincontemporarytranslationstudies.Theclaimofsubjectivityendowsthetranslatorwithfreedomtoshowhis/herinitiativeandcreativity.Thetranslatorstartsgainingindependentpersonalityandacademicfame.
2.INFLUENTIALFACTORSONTRANSLATOR’SSUBJECTIVITY
Withthedevelopmentofnewparadigmsintranslationtheory,twoinfluentialschoolsemerged:
SkoposTheoryandManipulationSchool.Theformerfocusesonthetranslationofpracticaltext,whilethelatteriscommittedtothestudyofliterarytext.Thetwoschoolsalsohavedifferentinterpretationsabouttheinfluentialfactorstotranslator’ssubjectivity,fortranslator’ssubjectivityisconstrainedbydifferentfactorsinthetranslationofpracticaltextandliterarytext.
2.1PurposeofTranslation:
OntheBasisofSkoposTheory
ThecoreconceptofSkopostheoryisthatthepurposeoftranslationisthemostimportantandinfluentialfactortothetranslator’ssubjectivity.Skopostheorybelievesthattranslationisapurposefulactivity,whichshouldpayspecialattentiontothefeaturesofthetargettextratherthanthefeaturesoftheoriginaltext.TheorientationofSkopostheoryisthepurposeandfunctionofthetranslatedtextanditfocussesonthepracticaluseoftranslationintargetlanguage.Skopostheorybelievesthattranslationisaninterculturalcommunicationactivitywithclearpurposeandtheproductionofinteractionbetweenthemultiplefactors.Skopostheorybelievesthatintheprincipleofpurpose,coherenceandfidelity,thepurposecomesfirst.Hence,undertheguidanceofSkopostheory,thetranslatorshouldbyallmeanstoachievethetranslationandtransmissionofpurposeandfunction,evenbythecostofcoherenceandfidelity.Thatistosay,thetranslatorhasbeenendowedwithsubjectivityandauthorityintheprocessoftranslationinordertoachievetheultimatepurpose.Sourcetextisdethroned,soitispossiblenowforthesametextbeingtranslatedinmanydifferentwaysaccordingtothepurposeofthetargettextandthecommissionisgiventothetranslator.
2.2Ideology,PatronageandPoetics:
OntheBasisofManipulationTheory
Lefevere,therepresentativeofManipulationSchool,suggeststhattranslationisthemostobviousrecognizabletypeofrewriting,anditispotentiallythemostinfluentialbecauseitisabletoprojecttheimageofanauthorandthoseworksbeyondtheboundariesoftheirorigin(Lefevere,2004,p.9)Lefeverehasrepeatedlystressedthattranslationisnotanactivityinvacuumandcultureisacomplicatedsystemwhichconsistsofmanysubsystemssuchasliterature,science,andtechnology.Thus,choiceoftheoriginalworkandtranslator’ssubjectivityisaffectedandrestrainedbymanyfactors. AkeyclaimismadebyLefevereconcerningtheinteractionbetweenpoetics,ideologyandtranslation:
“Oneverylevelofthetranslationprocess,itcanbeshownthat,iflinguisticconsiderationsenterintoconflictwithconsiderationsofanideologicalorpoetologic