学位英语模拟卷文档格式.docx

学位英语模拟卷文档格式.docx

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vesurfedthewebyou'

veusedthesearchenginesGoogleandYahoo.But,hereissomethingyoumightnotknow.Behindeverysearchisafiercebattleforadvertisingdollarsandsofar,Googleiswinningthewar.MorenowfromCNBC'

sCarlQuintanilla:

It'

sbecomearesearchritual,findsomething,anythingyouareinterestedinandgoogleit.EnoughofthehabitformillionsofwebusersthatotherInterneticonsarenowgettinghurt.Thisweek,Yahoo,oneoftheweb'

s

（1）________posterchildren,saidcompetitionfromGoogleisaffectingitsabilitytomakemoney.AndexpertslikeDavidVise,co-authorofanewbookonGoogle,saythecompanyisthe

（2）________breakthroughinmediasincetheprinting（3）________.

“It'

sveryrare,thatur,wehavea,somethinghappeninour（4）________andweknowatthatverymomentthatit’shistory.Yougoanywhereintheworldtodayandpeopleare（5）________.”

GoogleandYahoomakemoneyfromthoseadsyouseeeverytimeyoudoasearch.Theindustryhasestimatedtohit12billiondollarsbytheyear（6）________.ButsofarnoothersitescancatchGoogleoritshigh-flyingstock,whichapproached500dollarsasharerecently,makingcelebritiesoutofthetwoStanfordUniversitydropouts,who（7）________Googlejusteightyearsago.

“Weareonaquesttobuildabettersearchengine.”ButsomesaytheenthusiasmisoverdonethatGoogleisnotinvincible,notingitsstockfellthisweekwhenothertechcompanies（8）_____________________.

sgonnabeinterestingtoseewhetherGooglewillblowthedoorsoff.Theywere,asestimated,likeitdidlastquarter,orwhetherittooisgoingtodisappointinvestorslike（9）_____________________.”

BothGoogleandYahooarenowbranchingintootherareaslikecellphones,lettingusersconductsearches（10）________________________________.WhichmeansthebattleoftheInternettitansisfarfromover,andbeingfoughtwitheveryclickyoumake.

ForToday,CarlQuintanilla,NBCNews,NewYork.

SectionBNote-taking（5’）

Inthispart,youwillhearapassagetwice.Afterthefirsttime,therewillbeapauseof30seconds.Pleaseputdownthemainideaand4detailsofthepassage.WriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERSHEET.Thenlistenagainandcheckyouranswer.

PartTwo

ReadingComprehension

20Points

Inthispart,youwillreadtwopassages.Thefirstpassageisfollowedby5questions.Youarerequiredtochoosethebestanswertoeachquestionaccordingtothepassage.Forthesecondpassage,youarerequiredtoanswereachquestionwithnomorethan12words.

PassageOne（10’）

Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociation（NBA）listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.

Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:

Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,today’speople-especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations-apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytaller.Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,environmentallevel,we’veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango,saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld.

Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscaloriesandnutrients–notably,protein–tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,averageheight-5′9〞formen,5′4〞forwomen-hasn’treallychangedsince1960.

Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreover,eventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs.Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism,saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.

Geneticmaximumscanchange,butdon’texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass,ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.Andifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,youcouldusetoday’sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.（441w）

Questions:

　　16.WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto

　　[A]illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.

　　[B]showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S……

　　[C]comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.

　　[D]assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.

　　17.Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingtothetext？

　　[A]Geneticmodification.

　　[B]Naturalenvironment.

　　[C]Livingstandards.

　　[D]Dailyexercise.

　　18.Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree？

　　[A]Non-Americansaddtotheaverageheightofthenation.

　　[B]Humanheightisconditionedbytheuprightposture.

　　[C]Americansarethetallestonaverageintheworld.

　　[D]Largerbabiestendtobecometallerinadulthood.

　　19.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfuture

　　[A]thegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniformsize.

　　[B]thedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremainunchanged.

　　[C]genetictestingwillbeemployedinselectingsportsmen.

　　[D]theexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeapplicable.

　　20.Thetextintendstotellusthat

　　[A]thechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclicpattern.

　　[B]humanheightisbecomingevenmorepredictable.

　　[C]Americanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthlimit.

　　[D]thegeneticpatternofAmericanshasaltered.

PassageTwo（10’）

WithmostofWal-Mart'

sworkersearninglessthan$19,000ayear,anumberofcommunitygroupsandlawmakershaverecentlyteamedupwithlaborunionsinmountinganintensivecampaignaimedatproddingWal-Martintopayingits1.3millionemployeeshigherwages.

AnewgroupofWal-Martcriticsranafull-pageadvertisementonApril20contendingthatthecompany'

slowpayhadforcedtensofthousandsofitsworkerstoresorttofoodstampsandMedicaid,costingtaxpayersbillionsofdollars.OnApril26,aspartofacampaigncalled"

LoveMom,NotWal-Mart,"

fivemembersofCongressjoinedwomen'

sadvocatesandlaborleaderstoassailthecompanyfornotpayingitsfemaleemployeesmore.

Andinabooktobepublishedthisfall,agroupofscholarswillarguethatWal-MartStores,havingreplacedGeneralMotorsasthenation'

slargestcompany,hasanobligationtotreatitsemployeesbetter.

AmongworkersatWal-Mart'

s3,700storesacrosstheUnitedStates,thedebateisalsoheatingup.

FrancesBrowning,forexample,onceearned$15ahour,butnowatWal-Mart,wheresheisacashierinRoswell,Ga.,sheispaid$9.43.Shesayssheishappytohavethejob.

"

IwasunemployedfortwoandahalfyearsbeforeIfoundmyjobatWal-Mart,"

Ms.Browning,57,said."

LikeeverybodyelseI'

dlovetomakealotmore,butIhavetoberealistic."

ButJasonMrkwa,27,ahighschoolgraduatewhostocksfrozenfoodataWal-MartinIndependence,Kan.,maintainsthatheisunderpaid."

Imake$8.53,eventhougheveryoneofmyevaluationshasbeenabovestandard,"

Mr.Mrkwasaid."

Youcan'

treallyliveonthis."

LaborgroupsandtheiralliesarefocusingonWal-Martbecausetheysaythatthecampaignwillnotjustbenefititsworkersbutalsoreducetheexistingpressureonunionizedcompetitorstoreducetheirownwagesandbenefits.

Wal-MartshouldpaypeopleataminimumenoughtogoabovetheU.S.povertyline,"

saidAndrewGrossman,executivedirectorofWal-MartWatch,thecoalitionofcommunity,environmentalandlaborgroupsrunningtheseriesofadscriticizingWal-Mart."

Acompanythisbigandthiswealthyhastheabilitytopayhigherwages."

H.LeeScottJr.,Wal-Mart'

schiefexecutive,vigorouslydefendshiscompany,arguingthatwagesareprimarilydeterminedbymarketforcesandthatWal-Martpaysmorethanmostretailersandprovidesbetteropportunitiesforadvancement."

IfpeopletellyouthatWal-Martisleadingtheso-called'

racetothebottom'

intermsofjobqualityorpay,they'

renotonlywrong,they'

redeadwrong,"

hesaidtojournalistsatacompany-spo