最新北师大版高中英语选修八单元测试题及答案全套BWord文件下载.docx

最新北师大版高中英语选修八单元测试题及答案全套BWord文件下载.docx

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（2015·

四川高考）

Theircheerysongbrightensmanyawinter’sday.Butrobinsareindangerofwearingthemselvesoutbysingingtoomuch.Robinsaresingingallnight—aswellasduringtheday,British-basedresearcherssay.

DavidDominoni,ofGlasgowUniversity,saidthatlightfromstreetlamps,takeawaysignsandhomesisaffectingthebirds’biologicalclocks,leadingtothembeingwideawakewhentheyshouldbeasleep.

DrDominoni,whoisputtingcamerasinsidenestingboxestotracksleepingpatterns,saidlackofsleepcouldputthebirds’healthatrisk.Hisstudyshowsthatwhenrobinsareexposedtolightatnightinthelab,itleadstosomegenesbeingactiveatthewrongtimeofday.Andthemorebirdsareexposedtolight,themoreactivetheyareatnight.

Hetoldpeopleataconference,“Therehavebeenacoupleofstudiessuggestingtheyareincreasingtheirsongoutputatnightandduringthedaytheyarestillsinging.Singingisacostlybehaviourandittakesenergy.Sobyincreasingtheirsongoutput,theremightbesomecostsofenergy.”

Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal.DrDominonisaid,“InGlasgowwhereIlive,gullsareaseriousproblem.Ihavepeoplecomingtomesaying‘Youarethebirdexpert.Canyouhelpuskillthesegulls?

’.Duringthebreeding（繁殖）season,betweenAprilandJune,theyareveryactiveatnightandverynoisyandpeoplecan’tsleep.”

AlthoughDrDominonihasonlystudiedlightpollution,otherresearchconcludedthatrobinslivinginnoisycitieshavestartedtosingatnighttomakethemselvesheardoverloudnoise.

However,somebirdsthrive（兴旺）innoisyenvironments.AstudyfromCaliforniaPolytechnicUniversityfoundmorehummingbirdsinareaswithheavyindustrialmachinery.Itisthoughtthattheyarecapitalisingontheirpredators（天敌）fleeingtoquieterareas.

21AccordingtoDrDominoni’sstudy,whatcausesrobinstosingsomuch?

A.Thebreedingseason.

B.Thelightinmodernlife.

C.Thedangerousenvironment.

D.Thenoisefromheavymachinery.

解析:

细节理解题。

由第二段中的“...lightfromstreetlamps,takeawaysignsandhomesisaffectingthebirds’biologicalclocks,leadingtothembeingwideawakewhentheyshouldbeasleep.”可知,街灯、外卖店的招牌和住宅产生的人造灯光会影响鸟的生物钟,导致它们在本应睡眠的夜间十分清醒。

故B项正确。

答案:

B

22Whatistheresearchers’concernovertheincreaseofbirds’songoutput?

A.Theenvironmentmightbepolluted.

B.Thebirds’healthmightbedamaged.

C.Theindustrycostmightbeincreased.

D.Thepeople’shearingmightbeaffected.

推理判断题。

根据第四段最后一句话“...byincreasingtheirsongoutput,theremightbesomecostsofenergy.”可以推断,这些鸟的健康可能会受损害,所以B项正确。

23Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nocturnal”inParagraph5mean?

A.Activeatnight.

B.Inactiveatnight.

C.Activeduringtheday.

D.Inactiveduringtheday.

词义猜测题。

分析“Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal.”可以判断,画线单词和awake属于含义相近的词,都表示光污染也会使它们清醒或者活跃。

nocturnal意为“夜间活动的”,故A项正确。

24Whydosomebirdsthriveinnoisyenvironments?

A.Becausetherearefewerdangers.

B.Becausethereismorefoodtoeat.

C.Becausethereislesslightpollution.

D.Becausetherearemoreplacestotakeshelter.

根据最后一段的“Itisthoughtthattheyarecapitalisingontheirpredators（天敌）fleeingtoquieterareas.”可以判断因为天敌去了更安静的地区,所以它们的生存可能性更大了。

故A项正确。

MarsWasNotAlwaysBitterlyCold

ScientistsattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology（Caltech）havereportedevidencethatMarswaswarmerandwetterlongagothanitistoday.TheCaltechscientistssaytheyhavedirectlyestablishedthetemperatureofMarsfourbillionyearsago.Atleast,theyestablishedthesurfacetemperatureonpartoftheplanetatthattime.Theresearcherssayitisthefirstsuchevidencetobediscoveredandpresented.

TheCaltechscientistssaycarbonate（碳酸盐）mineralsformedonMarsatabouteighteendegreesCelsius.Theyreachedthefindingafterstudyingameteorite（陨石）thathaditsbeginningsneartheMartiansurface.

Today,theaveragetemperatureonMarsissixty-threedegreesbelowzeroCelsius.

ThefindingwasreportedonthewebsiteoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.CaltechAssistantProfessorWoodyFischerhelpedtopreparethereport.HesayseighteendegreesCelsiusisnotespeciallycoldorhot.Hesaysthismakesthefindingextremelyinteresting.KnowingthetemperaturecangivescientistsanideaoftheclimateonMarslongago.Itcanalsohelpthemdecidewhethertheplanethadliquidwater.SpacecraftsorbitingMarshaveshownwhatappeartoberivers,lakebedsandmineraldeposits.Thesepicturessuggestthat,atonetime,waterdidflowthere.MarsRovervehiclesandotherspacecraftshaveconfirmedtheinformation.

CaltechGeologyProfessorJohnEilerwasanotherwriterofthereport.HesaysknowingthetemperatureofMarsfromlongagoprovidesvaluableinformation.Itshowsthatearlyintheplanet’shistory,atleastpartofMarscouldsupportaclimatelikethatofEarth.

Themeteoritethescientistsexaminedisoneoftheoldestknownrocksintheworld.ItiscalledtheAllanHillsmeteorite.ItsnamecamefromtheplaceinAntarcticawhereitwasfoundin1984.ThemeteoriteisbelievedtohaveblownloosefromtheMars’surfacewhenanotherspacerockstruckits“home”.

25Howdidthescientistsreachthefinding?

A.BystudyingAllanHillsmeteorite.

B.ByusingspacecraftsorbitingMars.

C.BystudyingmineralsgatheredonMars.

D.BystudyingameteoriteontheMartiansurface.

根据第二段第二句“Theyreachedthefindingafterstudyingameteorite（陨石）...”以及最后一段第一、二句可知,科学家们的这个发现是在研究AllanHills陨石之后得出的。

26Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whathavespacecraftsorbitingMarsdone?

A.MeasuringthetemperatureofMars.

B.TakingphotosofthesurfaceofMars.

C.ConfirmingthatthereiswaterflowingonMars.

D.FindingwherehumanbeingswillprobablylandonMars.

根据第四段最后三句可知,宇宙飞船绕火星旋转是为了拍摄火星表面的照片。

故B项为正确答案。

27HowdidAllanHillsmeteoritegetitsname?

A.FromitsoriginalplaceonMars.

B.FromwhereitwasfoundontheEarth.

C.Fromthenameofthescientistwhofoundit.

D.Fromthenameoftheaircraftthatdiscoveredit.

根据最后一段第三句“ItsnamecamefromtheplaceinAntarcticawhereitwasfoundin1984.”可知,陨石的名字来源于它在地球上被发现的地点。

28Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthispassage?

A.Inabiographyofscientists.

B.Inageographymagazine.

C.Inanenvironmentreport.

D.Inasciencereport.

主旨大意题。

通读全文可知,本文是科普类文章,科学研究表明,火星在很久以前的温度并不像现在这样低。

这类文章最有可能在科学报告中读到,故D项为正确答案。

D

C

Thehottest“green”toyinGermanyisn’tmadeoforganicorrecycledmaterials.Thisonehasasolarpanelandonlyrunsifkidsremembertoinsertbrightred“energystones”thatpowerthespacestation.Germany,apioneerinmanyrenewableenergyinitiatives,isalsoattheforefrontofcreatingenvironment-friendlytoysaimedatmakingkidsthinkaboutwhereenergycomesfromandhowmuchofittheycanuse,raisingawarenessthroughplay.

Amongthem,therearehydroelectric-powered（水电动力的）toycars,anddollhouseswithwindturbines（涡轮机）andrainwatercatchers.Thebrightgreen“FuturePlanet”spacestationfeaturesaninneratrium（中庭）withafanthatispoweredbyafunctioningsolarcell.Itsaimistogetkidstousetheirimaginationabouthowenergywillbecreatedinthefuture.

Makersandretailersbelievesuchtoyswillplayanincreasinglyimportantroleintheirfuture—andthatofourkids.“Energyisthequestionofthefutureandwearedefinitelythinkingaboutthisaswemoveahead,”saidJudithSchweinitz,aspokeswomanforPlaymobile,makerofthesolarpanel-fittedspacestation.“Itisincreasinglybeingbroughtintoourplayconcept.”Greentoys—whichrangefromthosemadeofsustainablematerialstooneslikethespacestationthatjustraiseenvironmentalawareness—makeuponlyasliverofthe$84billioninternationaltoymarket,buttheirshareisgrowing,studiesindicate.EnvironmentalresearchfirmEarthsense,basedinSyracuse,NewYork,predictsthatgreentoyswillaccountforabout$1billion,or5percentofU.S.toysalesinthenextfiveyears.Parentsaresmartandtheywantinformationaboutwhat’sintheproduct.That’swhat’sreallydrivingthemarket.

29Thehottest“green”toyinGermanyis　　　. 

A.madeofrubbish

B.madeoforganicorrecycledmaterials

C.equippedwithasolarpanel

D.drivenbyanadvancedmotor

从第一段第二句可知,德国目前最受欢迎的“绿色（环保）”玩具装有太阳能电池板。

30Thepurposeofmakingthegreentoysisto　　　. 

A.raisekids’awarenessaboutenergyandenvironment

B.improvekids’imagination

C.givekidstheknowledgeoftechnology

D.improvethesafetyoftoys

从第一段第三句可知,生产这些环保玩具的目的是提高孩子节约能源和保护环境的意识。

31Accordingtothepassage,　　　usessolarenergy. 

A.thetoycar

B.thedollhouse

C.thedoll

D.the“FuturePlanet”spacestation

从第二段可知,“未来行星”空间站这一玩具由太阳能电池提供动力。

故选D项。

32Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatthegreentoys　　　. 

A.canhelpsavelittleenergy

B.arenotacceptedbyparents

C.havenotbeenproduced

D.willsellwellinthefuture

从最后一段可推知,虽然这种环保玩具目前所占的市场份额较小,但它的前景会很好。

“MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearontheUSroads,”theFederalHighwayAdministrationreports.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheUStoday.Themainreason?

Roadkill.

“Eco-passages”mayhelpanimalscrosstheroadwithoutbeinghitbycars.Theyarepathsbothoverandunderroads.“Theseeco-passagescanbeextremelyuseful,sothatwildlifecanavoidroadaccidents,”saidJodiHiltyoftheWildlifeProtectionSociety.

Butdoanimalsactuallyusetheeco-passages?

Theanswerisyes.PaulBeierofNorthernArizonaUniversityfoundfootma