最新北师大版高中英语选修八单元测试题及答案全套BWord文件下载.docx
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(2015·
四川高考)
Theircheerysongbrightensmanyawinter’sday.Butrobinsareindangerofwearingthemselvesoutbysingingtoomuch.Robinsaresingingallnight—aswellasduringtheday,British-basedresearcherssay.
DavidDominoni,ofGlasgowUniversity,saidthatlightfromstreetlamps,takeawaysignsandhomesisaffectingthebirds’biologicalclocks,leadingtothembeingwideawakewhentheyshouldbeasleep.
DrDominoni,whoisputtingcamerasinsidenestingboxestotracksleepingpatterns,saidlackofsleepcouldputthebirds’healthatrisk.Hisstudyshowsthatwhenrobinsareexposedtolightatnightinthelab,itleadstosomegenesbeingactiveatthewrongtimeofday.Andthemorebirdsareexposedtolight,themoreactivetheyareatnight.
Hetoldpeopleataconference,“Therehavebeenacoupleofstudiessuggestingtheyareincreasingtheirsongoutputatnightandduringthedaytheyarestillsinging.Singingisacostlybehaviourandittakesenergy.Sobyincreasingtheirsongoutput,theremightbesomecostsofenergy.”
Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal.DrDominonisaid,“InGlasgowwhereIlive,gullsareaseriousproblem.Ihavepeoplecomingtomesaying‘Youarethebirdexpert.Canyouhelpuskillthesegulls?
’.Duringthebreeding(繁殖)season,betweenAprilandJune,theyareveryactiveatnightandverynoisyandpeoplecan’tsleep.”
AlthoughDrDominonihasonlystudiedlightpollution,otherresearchconcludedthatrobinslivinginnoisycitieshavestartedtosingatnighttomakethemselvesheardoverloudnoise.
However,somebirdsthrive(兴旺)innoisyenvironments.AstudyfromCaliforniaPolytechnicUniversityfoundmorehummingbirdsinareaswithheavyindustrialmachinery.Itisthoughtthattheyarecapitalisingontheirpredators(天敌)fleeingtoquieterareas.
21AccordingtoDrDominoni’sstudy,whatcausesrobinstosingsomuch?
A.Thebreedingseason.
B.Thelightinmodernlife.
C.Thedangerousenvironment.
D.Thenoisefromheavymachinery.
解析:
细节理解题。
由第二段中的“...lightfromstreetlamps,takeawaysignsandhomesisaffectingthebirds’biologicalclocks,leadingtothembeingwideawakewhentheyshouldbeasleep.”可知,街灯、外卖店的招牌和住宅产生的人造灯光会影响鸟的生物钟,导致它们在本应睡眠的夜间十分清醒。
故B项正确。
答案:
B
22Whatistheresearchers’concernovertheincreaseofbirds’songoutput?
A.Theenvironmentmightbepolluted.
B.Thebirds’healthmightbedamaged.
C.Theindustrycostmightbeincreased.
D.Thepeople’shearingmightbeaffected.
推理判断题。
根据第四段最后一句话“...byincreasingtheirsongoutput,theremightbesomecostsofenergy.”可以推断,这些鸟的健康可能会受损害,所以B项正确。
23Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nocturnal”inParagraph5mean?
A.Activeatnight.
B.Inactiveatnight.
C.Activeduringtheday.
D.Inactiveduringtheday.
词义猜测题。
分析“Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal.”可以判断,画线单词和awake属于含义相近的词,都表示光污染也会使它们清醒或者活跃。
nocturnal意为“夜间活动的”,故A项正确。
24Whydosomebirdsthriveinnoisyenvironments?
A.Becausetherearefewerdangers.
B.Becausethereismorefoodtoeat.
C.Becausethereislesslightpollution.
D.Becausetherearemoreplacestotakeshelter.
根据最后一段的“Itisthoughtthattheyarecapitalisingontheirpredators(天敌)fleeingtoquieterareas.”可以判断因为天敌去了更安静的地区,所以它们的生存可能性更大了。
故A项正确。
MarsWasNotAlwaysBitterlyCold
ScientistsattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(Caltech)havereportedevidencethatMarswaswarmerandwetterlongagothanitistoday.TheCaltechscientistssaytheyhavedirectlyestablishedthetemperatureofMarsfourbillionyearsago.Atleast,theyestablishedthesurfacetemperatureonpartoftheplanetatthattime.Theresearcherssayitisthefirstsuchevidencetobediscoveredandpresented.
TheCaltechscientistssaycarbonate(碳酸盐)mineralsformedonMarsatabouteighteendegreesCelsius.Theyreachedthefindingafterstudyingameteorite(陨石)thathaditsbeginningsneartheMartiansurface.
Today,theaveragetemperatureonMarsissixty-threedegreesbelowzeroCelsius.
ThefindingwasreportedonthewebsiteoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.CaltechAssistantProfessorWoodyFischerhelpedtopreparethereport.HesayseighteendegreesCelsiusisnotespeciallycoldorhot.Hesaysthismakesthefindingextremelyinteresting.KnowingthetemperaturecangivescientistsanideaoftheclimateonMarslongago.Itcanalsohelpthemdecidewhethertheplanethadliquidwater.SpacecraftsorbitingMarshaveshownwhatappeartoberivers,lakebedsandmineraldeposits.Thesepicturessuggestthat,atonetime,waterdidflowthere.MarsRovervehiclesandotherspacecraftshaveconfirmedtheinformation.
CaltechGeologyProfessorJohnEilerwasanotherwriterofthereport.HesaysknowingthetemperatureofMarsfromlongagoprovidesvaluableinformation.Itshowsthatearlyintheplanet’shistory,atleastpartofMarscouldsupportaclimatelikethatofEarth.
Themeteoritethescientistsexaminedisoneoftheoldestknownrocksintheworld.ItiscalledtheAllanHillsmeteorite.ItsnamecamefromtheplaceinAntarcticawhereitwasfoundin1984.ThemeteoriteisbelievedtohaveblownloosefromtheMars’surfacewhenanotherspacerockstruckits“home”.
25Howdidthescientistsreachthefinding?
A.BystudyingAllanHillsmeteorite.
B.ByusingspacecraftsorbitingMars.
C.BystudyingmineralsgatheredonMars.
D.BystudyingameteoriteontheMartiansurface.
根据第二段第二句“Theyreachedthefindingafterstudyingameteorite(陨石)...”以及最后一段第一、二句可知,科学家们的这个发现是在研究AllanHills陨石之后得出的。
26Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whathavespacecraftsorbitingMarsdone?
A.MeasuringthetemperatureofMars.
B.TakingphotosofthesurfaceofMars.
C.ConfirmingthatthereiswaterflowingonMars.
D.FindingwherehumanbeingswillprobablylandonMars.
根据第四段最后三句可知,宇宙飞船绕火星旋转是为了拍摄火星表面的照片。
故B项为正确答案。
27HowdidAllanHillsmeteoritegetitsname?
A.FromitsoriginalplaceonMars.
B.FromwhereitwasfoundontheEarth.
C.Fromthenameofthescientistwhofoundit.
D.Fromthenameoftheaircraftthatdiscoveredit.
根据最后一段第三句“ItsnamecamefromtheplaceinAntarcticawhereitwasfoundin1984.”可知,陨石的名字来源于它在地球上被发现的地点。
28Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthispassage?
A.Inabiographyofscientists.
B.Inageographymagazine.
C.Inanenvironmentreport.
D.Inasciencereport.
主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,本文是科普类文章,科学研究表明,火星在很久以前的温度并不像现在这样低。
这类文章最有可能在科学报告中读到,故D项为正确答案。
D
C
Thehottest“green”toyinGermanyisn’tmadeoforganicorrecycledmaterials.Thisonehasasolarpanelandonlyrunsifkidsremembertoinsertbrightred“energystones”thatpowerthespacestation.Germany,apioneerinmanyrenewableenergyinitiatives,isalsoattheforefrontofcreatingenvironment-friendlytoysaimedatmakingkidsthinkaboutwhereenergycomesfromandhowmuchofittheycanuse,raisingawarenessthroughplay.
Amongthem,therearehydroelectric-powered(水电动力的)toycars,anddollhouseswithwindturbines(涡轮机)andrainwatercatchers.Thebrightgreen“FuturePlanet”spacestationfeaturesaninneratrium(中庭)withafanthatispoweredbyafunctioningsolarcell.Itsaimistogetkidstousetheirimaginationabouthowenergywillbecreatedinthefuture.
Makersandretailersbelievesuchtoyswillplayanincreasinglyimportantroleintheirfuture—andthatofourkids.“Energyisthequestionofthefutureandwearedefinitelythinkingaboutthisaswemoveahead,”saidJudithSchweinitz,aspokeswomanforPlaymobile,makerofthesolarpanel-fittedspacestation.“Itisincreasinglybeingbroughtintoourplayconcept.”Greentoys—whichrangefromthosemadeofsustainablematerialstooneslikethespacestationthatjustraiseenvironmentalawareness—makeuponlyasliverofthe$84billioninternationaltoymarket,buttheirshareisgrowing,studiesindicate.EnvironmentalresearchfirmEarthsense,basedinSyracuse,NewYork,predictsthatgreentoyswillaccountforabout$1billion,or5percentofU.S.toysalesinthenextfiveyears.Parentsaresmartandtheywantinformationaboutwhat’sintheproduct.That’swhat’sreallydrivingthemarket.
29Thehottest“green”toyinGermanyis .
A.madeofrubbish
B.madeoforganicorrecycledmaterials
C.equippedwithasolarpanel
D.drivenbyanadvancedmotor
从第一段第二句可知,德国目前最受欢迎的“绿色(环保)”玩具装有太阳能电池板。
30Thepurposeofmakingthegreentoysisto .
A.raisekids’awarenessaboutenergyandenvironment
B.improvekids’imagination
C.givekidstheknowledgeoftechnology
D.improvethesafetyoftoys
从第一段第三句可知,生产这些环保玩具的目的是提高孩子节约能源和保护环境的意识。
31Accordingtothepassage, usessolarenergy.
A.thetoycar
B.thedollhouse
C.thedoll
D.the“FuturePlanet”spacestation
从第二段可知,“未来行星”空间站这一玩具由太阳能电池提供动力。
故选D项。
32Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatthegreentoys .
A.canhelpsavelittleenergy
B.arenotacceptedbyparents
C.havenotbeenproduced
D.willsellwellinthefuture
从最后一段可推知,虽然这种环保玩具目前所占的市场份额较小,但它的前景会很好。
“MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearontheUSroads,”theFederalHighwayAdministrationreports.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheUStoday.Themainreason?
Roadkill.
“Eco-passages”mayhelpanimalscrosstheroadwithoutbeinghitbycars.Theyarepathsbothoverandunderroads.“Theseeco-passagescanbeextremelyuseful,sothatwildlifecanavoidroadaccidents,”saidJodiHiltyoftheWildlifeProtectionSociety.
Butdoanimalsactuallyusetheeco-passages?
Theanswerisyes.PaulBeierofNorthernArizonaUniversityfoundfootma