杨海红论文定稿电子稿Word格式文档下载.docx
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姓名杨海红
指导老师邓庆玲
完成日期2013年5月
Content
Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
Keywords---------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------ⅳ
关键字------------------------------------------------------------------------------ⅳ
Chapter1Introduction
1.1Cultureandlanguage----------------------------------------------------------1
1.2Factorsleadingtoculturaldifferences--------------------------------------2
1.3DifferencesinfilmindustrybetweenChinaandWesterncountries-----4
1.4Theimportanceoftranslatingfilmtitles-------------------------------------5
Chapter2Severalprinciplestobetakenintoaccountinthetranslationoffilmtitles
2.1Principleofinformation--------------------------------------------------------7
2.2Principleofculture-------------------------------------------------------------8
2.3Principleofaesthetics---------------------------------------------------------9
2.4Principleofpopularity--------------------------------------------------------10
2.5Principleofcommerce--------------------------------------------------------11
Chapter3Methodsoftranslatingfilmtitles
3.1Transliteration------------------------------------------------------------------13
3.2Directtranslation---------------------------------------------------------------14
3.3Freetranslation-----------------------------------------------------------------14
3.4Directandfreetranslation----------------------------------------------------16
3.5Transliterationandfreetranslation------------------------------------------16
3.6Creativetranslation------------------------------------------------------------17
Chapter4conclusion-----------------------------------------------------------19
Bibliography----------------------------------------------------------------------20
Abstract:
WithmoreandmoreforeignfilmsbeingintroducedintoChina,manycinemasarebuiltandmoremoviesaredirected.EventheHollywoodfilmproducersaretryingtoinviteChineseactorsandactressestoparticipateintheirmovies.However,contrarytotheup-surgingoftheChinesefilmindustry,theimportanceoftranslatingfilmtitlesgainsnofurtherattention.AsfarasI’mconcerned,culturaldifferencemaybethemajordifficultythatstaggersthedevelopmentoffilmtitles’translation.Therefore,thispaperisgoingtodiscussthetranslationoffilmtitlesfromtheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandWesterncountries.
Thispaperismadeupoffourparts.Thefirstpartisintroductionwhichincludessometheoriesaboutcultureandtheimportanceoftranslatingfilmtitles.Thesecondpartdiscussesfiveprinciplesthatshouldbetakenintoaccountinprocessoftranslation.Thethirdpartintroducessixmethodsoftranslatingfilmtitles.Thelastpartisconclusion.
Inordertostandardizeanddeveloptranslation,translatorsmustunderstandthelingualandculturaldifferencesbetweensourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Thus,beforeatranslatortranslatesafilmtitle,hemustfirsthaveacomprehensiveunderstandingoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandWesterncountries.Andthispaperconcentratesonthisproblem.
Keywords:
translation;
culturaldifference;
filmtitles.
内容摘要:
随着越来越多的外国电影引入中国,中国建设了许多的电影院也拍摄了更多的电影,甚至好莱坞的电影也会邀请中国演员加入拍摄。
而与中国电影业的蓬勃发展相对应,电影名称的翻译却没有得到更进一步的重视。
我想,文化的差异是造成电影名称翻译发展的一大主要阻碍。
本文章就是要从中西方文化差异来探讨电影名称的翻译。
本篇文章由四个部分组成。
第一部分是介绍,其中包括了一些有关文化的理论及论述了电影名称翻译的重要性。
第二部分讨论了翻译时应该注意的五个原则。
第三部分介绍了电影名称翻译的六种方法。
最后是结束语。
为规范、发展翻译,译者必须了解源语言与目的语之间的语言及文化差异。
因此,在翻译电影名称之前,译者必须对中西方文化差异有一个全面的了解。
本篇文章就是集中于这一问题。
关键字:
翻译,文化差异,电影名称
ThispaperisgoingtodiscusstheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandWesterncountriesandthemethodsoftranslatingfilmtitlesunderthesedifferences.Beforewegoaheadintothistopic,wemusthaveaclearunderstandingofthefollowingtheories.
1.1Cultureandlanguage
Firstofall,inordertounderstandthedifferencesbetweenthevariouscultures,onehastobefamiliarwiththedefinitionofculture.Then,whatisculture?
Itisstillacontroversialquestion.Scholarshavetodefinecultureinasatisfactoryway,buteachisdissatisfiedwiththeothers.However,ingeneral,culturecanbedefinedasthecoherentlylearned,sharedviewofagroupofpeopleaboutlife’sconcernsthatrankswhatthingsareappropriate,anddictatesbehaviors.Therefore,itissurethateverycountryhasitsownculturewhichdistinguishesitwithothercountriesorstates.
Mr.Hudsondividedhumanlanguageintothreeparts:
theknowledgelearnedfromsociety,thecommonknowledgeofthehumanbeingsandtheknowledgeofpersonalexperiences.Heinsiststhatonlythefirstofthethreebelongstoculture.AccordingtoHudson’sopinion,thedifferentsocietiesproducedifferentcultures,andintheprocessoflanguageacquisitionpeoplearecivilized.
Cultureandlanguageareintertwinedandshapeeachother.Itisimpossibletoseparatethetwo.Languageisnotamatterofneutralcodeandgrammaticalrules.Eachtimeweselectwords,formsentences,andsendamessage,eitheroralorwritten,wealsomakeculturalchoices.Weallagreethatlanguagehelpsincommunicatingwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.Butweshouldnoticethatculturalliteracyisnecessarytounderstandthelanguagebeingused.Ifweselectlanguagewithoutbeingawareoftheculturalimplications,wemayatbestnotcommunicatewellandatworstsendthewrongmessage.
Allinall,culturaldifferencesbringaboutdifficultiesintheprocessoftranslation.Translatingasourcelanguageintoatargetlanguageistofindtheequivalencebetweenthem.Butpeoplefromdifferentlanguagebackgroundslivebothinadifferentworldandabsolutelyadifferentsociety.Sotheirmodesofthinking,theknowledgeoftheworldandthewaysofdistinguishingthecosmosareverydifferent.Therefore,intheprocessoftranslatingfilmtitles,weshouldgivemoreattentiontothesedifferences.
1.2Factorsleadingtoculturaldifferences
TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestdifferfromeachotherinalotofaspects.ThefollowingsarethefactorsthatleadtotheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandWesterncountries.
1.2.1High-contextculturesandlow-contextcultures
ThemajorreasonresultinginthedifferencesisthatChinesecultureandWesterncountries’culturesaredifferenttoeachother.AccordingtoHall,culturesdifferonacontinuumthatrangesfromhightolowcontext.High-contextculturesprefertousehigh-contextmessageswhichareimplicit,indirect,conveyedprimarilythroughthecontextorthesocialsituation.Low-contextculturesprefertouselow-contextmessages,inwhichthemajorityoftheinformationisvestedintheexplicitcode.
1.2.1.1High-contextcultures
Inhigh-contextcultures,peopleareveryhomogeneouswithregardtoexperiences,informationnetworks,andthelike.High-contextcultures,becauseoftraditionandhistory,changeverylittleovertime.Asaresult,formostnormaltransactionsindailylifetheydonotrequire,nordotheyexpect,muchin-depth,back-groundinformation.Meaning,therefore,isnotnecessarilycontainedinwordsandtheinformationisoftenprovidedthroughgestures,theuseofspace,andevensilence.
1.2.1.2Low-contextcultures
Inlow-contextcultures,thepopulationislesshomogeneousandthereforetendstocompartmentalizeinterpersonalcontacts.Thislackofalargepoolofcommonexperiencesmeansthat“eachtimetheyinteractwithotherstheyneeddetailedbackgroundinformation.”Theverbalmessagecontainsmostoftheinformationandverylittleisembeddedinthecontextortheparticipants.Therefore,Westerncommunicationtendstobedirectandexplicit,thatis,everythingneedstobestated.
Withtheclearunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweenhigh-contextculturesandlow-contextcultures,itisnotdifficulttofindthatChineseculturebelongstothehigh-contextculturesandmostoftheWesternculturesbelongtothelow-contextcultures.
1.2.2Differencesoflanguagesystems
TheChinesebelongstothepictographiclanguagewhichisanideogramthatconveysitsmeaningthroughitspictorialresemblancetoaphysicalobjectwhileWesternlanguagesaremostlybasedontheLatinsystemwhosealphabetevolvedfromaWesternvarietyofthe
Greekalphabet.ThedifferentlanguagesystemsbetweenChineseandWesternlanguagescontributetothedifferencesbetweenChinesecultureandWesterncultures.
1.2.3Otherfactorscontributingtothedifferences
Otherfactorslikehumanracialdifferences,socialdifferences,beliefdiversities,religiousdifferencescountaswell.What’smore,duetothefardistanceandthesteepareasbetweentheEastandWest,thetwoculturesseldomcommunicateuntilrecentcenturies.Sotheydevelopedtotallyintheirownstyleswithoutconnectionwiththeother.
Withaclearunderstandingofhowtheculturaldifferencesarecaused,itisbeneficialtothetranslatingoffilmtitles.
1.3DifferencesinfilmindustrybetweenChinaandWesterncountries
Films,asthecarrierofculture,canreconstructthehistoryandmakeaudienceshavetheopportunitytoknowaboutacountry’shistoryandculture.Withtherisingofconsumptionlevel,peoplehaveanincreasingdemandofentertainment.ThetotalincomeoffilminmainlandofChinain2012wasabout17billonRMBwhichisalmosttriplethantheincomein2010whenitstotalincomewas6billonRMB.Atthesametime