大学四级433Word文档下载推荐.docx

大学四级433Word文档下载推荐.docx

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正确答案：

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解析：

{{B}}SampleWritingALetterofConsolation{{/B}}Dearfriend,Areyoufeelinganybetterthesedays?

We'

reallconcernedaboutyourhealth.PerhapsIdon'

tknowexactlywhatillnessfeelslike,butIguessthatthedaysinhospitalmustbeboring.Ithasbeenthreeweekssinceyouleftandallyourroommateshavestartedtomissyouandyourjokes.Youalwayshadafunnystorytotellatbedtimeinthedorm.Howweenjoyeditall!

Overthepastthreeweeks,nothingmuchhashappened.Everybodyisbusywithstudysincethemid-termexamsarearoundthecorner.Youneedn'

tworrytoomuchaboutmissingtheexam.Theteacherknowsallaboutyourcaseandshetoldmethatamakeuptestcouldbearrangedwhenyouareback.Valuableasthestudyis,moreimportantisyourownbody.Don'

tworrytoomuchaboutlessons.Iwillkeepallthenotesinclassforyou,andwhenyouarebackatschoolI'

llhelpyoutocatchup.Besuretofollowtheadvicesofthedoctorandmakeapointofdoingsomeexerciseseveryday.WhatIwanttosayisthatwe,thefriendsaroundyou,arewaitingforyourcomingback.YoursSincerelyWuYeqiong

二、{{B}}PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）{{/B}}（总题数：

70.00）

{{B}}PlasticBagPollution{{/B}}

Theuseofplasticbagshasincreasedatanalarmingratesincetheybecamepopularinthe1980s.Bigblackbinliners,plasticcarrierbagscarryingadvertisinglogos,clearsandwichbagsandavarietyofotherforms.They'

relightweight,handyandeasilydiscarded.Tooeasilydiscarded.Justtakealookaroundyou.Plasticbagscanbeseenhangingfromthebranches,flyingintheair,settledamongstbushesandfloatingonrivers.Theyblockupdrainscausingwaterandsewagetooverflowandbecomethebreedinggroundsofbacteriathatcausediseases.

Plasticbagsaredifficultandcostlytorecycleandmostenduponlandfillsiteswheretheytakearound300yearstodecay.Theybreakdownintotinytoxic（有毒的）particlesthatpollutethesoilandwaterwaysandenterthefoodchainwhenanimalsaccidentallyconsumethem.Buttheproblemssurroundingwasteplasticbagsstartlongbeforetheydecay.Ourplanetisbecomingincreasinglyendangeredbyourover-useofplasticbags.

{{B}}ProductionofPlasticBags{{/B}}

Plasticbagsaremadefromethylene（乙烯）,agasthatisproducedasaby-productofoil,gasandcoalproduction.Ethyleneismadeintopolymers（聚合体）--chainsofethylenemolecules--calledpolyethylene.Thissubstance,alsoknownaspolythene,isusedtoproducearangeofitems,includingplasticbags.

Youhaveprobablynoticedtwotypesofplasticshoppingbags--thelighter,filmybagsyougetfromsupermarketsandfoodoutlets,andtheheavierbagsfromotherretailoutlets,likeclothingstores.Thesupermarketbagsaremadefromhighdensitypolyethylene（HDPE）,whilethethickerbagsaremadefromlowdensitypolyethylene（LDPE）.UnlikeHDPE,LDPEcannotberecycled.

Whileplasticbagsmaynotbethemosthightechapplicationofplasticstechnology,itiscertainlyoneofthemostprevalent.AccordingtoCleanUpAustralia,Australiansuseinexcessof6billionplasticbagsperyear.Iftiedtogetherthesebagswouldformachainthatislongenoughtogoaroundtheworld37times.Morethanhalfofthesebags（3.6billion）aremadefromHDPE.

{{B}}DangerstoSeaLife{{/B}}

Plasticbagsarenowamongstthetop12itemsofwastesmostoftenfoundalongthecoastlines.Animalsandseacreaturesarehurtandkilledeverydaybydiscardedplasticbags--adeadturtlewithaplasticbaghangingfromitsmouthisn'

tapleasantsightbutmistakingplasticbagsforfoodiscommonplaceamongstmarineanimals.Plasticblockstheirintestines（肠道）andleadstoslowstarvation.Othersbecomeentangledinplasticbagsanddrown.

Becauseplasticbagstakehundredsofyearstobreakdown,everyyearourseasbecome"

home"

tomoreandmorebagsthatfindtheirwaytherethroughoursewersandwaterways.Everybagthat'

swasheddownadrainduringrainfallendsupinthesea;

everybagthat'

sflusheddownatoiletendsupinthesea;

sblownintoariverwillmostlikelyendupinthesea.Onedisquietingfactstemmingfromthisisthatplasticbagscanbecomeserialkillers.Onceananimaldiesofplasticbags,itdecaysatamuchfasterratethanthebag.Oncetheanimalhasdecomposed,thebagisreleasedbackintotheenvironmentmoreorlessintact,readytobeeatenbyanothermisguidedorganism.Theincrediblyslowrateofdecayofplasticbagsalsomeansthateachbagweusecompoundstheproblem,becausethebagssimplyaccumulate.

{{B}}PollutionTaxes&

Bans{{/B}}

Differentcountrieshaveadoptedarangeofapproachestodiscouragetheuseofplasticbagsinanattempttocutdownonthenumberofbagsfindingtheirwayintotheenvironment.InSouthAfricaforinstance,whereanestimatedeightbillionplasticbagsareusedannually,thegovernmenthasimplementednewregulationsthatwillseeonlythicker,moredurableplasticbagsproduced.Aswellasmakingthemmoresuitableforreuse,itishopedthattheextracostassociatedwiththeirproductionandsupplywillpreventretailersgivingthehigherqualitybagsaway,makingtheiruseamoreexpensiveoptionforconsumers.

TheuseofplasticbagsisbeingdiscouragedinotherplacessuchasSingaporeandTaiwan,whilethetaximposedontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsinIrelandhasresultedintheuseofplasticshoppingbagsbeingreducedby900/0injustsixmonths.Priortothe15eurocentperbagtax,itwasestimatedthat1.2millionplasticshoppingbagswerebeinghandedoutinIrelandperyear.Themoneyraisedfromthetaxwillbeusedtofundenvironmentalinitiatives.

Whileanythingthatlowersourconsumptionisgood,whywaituntilwe'

rehitfinanciallybeforewechangeourhabitswhenchangesaren'

tdifficulttomake?

Howabouttakingpreviouslyusedbagswithyounexttimeyougototheshops?

Orevenbetter--turnbacktimeanddoasgrandmadidandtakeabamboobasketwithyoueverytimeyougoshopping.Shop-ownerswouldratheryouusetheirbagsasthey'

reaconvenientandcheapformofadvertising,butwhat'

smoreimportant,shareholderprofitsortheenvironment?

Plasticbagscanbere-cycledalthoughonlyaboutoneinevery200everfindsitswaytoare-cyclingunit.Findoutifthere'

sare-cyclingbinnearyouand,ifnot,askyourlocalauthorityforone.

{{B}}GreenhouseGases{{/B}}

Somecountrieshaveintroducedso-called"

environmentallyfriendlyplasticbags"

thatarebiodegradable（可生物降解）.Thesebagstakeaboutthreeyearstobreakdownintopracticallynothingandwhilethatsoundslikeanattractivesolution,thetruthisthattheprocessofbreakingdownthesepetrol-basedbagscausescarbontobecomemethane（甲烷）whichisagreenhousegas.

It'

salsopossibletoget"

plastic"

bagsmanufacturedfromcorn.Thesebreakdownveryquicklyandgiveoffnomoremethanethananyothercornproductonlandfillsites.Unfortunately,they'

remoreexpensivetoproduceandfewshopsusethem.

{{B}}GarbageBins{{/B}}

Onequestionthat'

softenraisedinconnectionwiththeplasticbagdilemmaiswhatshouldbeusedtolinebinsifnotplasticbags?

Toanswerthat,let'

sgobackintimetowhenplasticbagswereyettobecomecommonplace.Whatdidwedoe.

Forone,wehadfarlessgarbage.Goodshadmuchlesspackagingthanisthecasetodaysowedidn'

tfillourbinsasquickly.Peelings,eggshells,teabagsandcoffeegroundswereallusedascompost（肥料）forcrops,aswasanypaperthatwasn'

tneededforlightingfires.Whatwasleftwentintoanunlinedbinwithanythingdirtyorwetbeingwrappedinnewspaperfirst.

Ifwechoosecarefullywhenshoppingsoasnottobringhomemorepackagingthannecessary--there'

sreallynopointinbringingithomejusttothrowitstraightinthebinwhenweunpack,theamountofwastethatgoesintothekitchenbinwillbehalved,atleast.

{{B}}IndividualEffort{{/B}}

Byrefusingtouseplasticbags,youcanmakeahugedifferencetothepollutionproblem.Rememberthateachpersonusesabout83bagsayear.Iftherearefourpeopleinyourfamily,that'

s332plasticbagslesseveryyear.That'

s332bagslessthatwill:

--releasetoxinsintothegroundwaterfromlandfillsites

--stayintheenvironmentforhundredsofyears

--getintothefoodchainthroughanimals

--wasteenergyduringthemanufacturingprocess

--killanyoftheestimated100,000marineanimalsthatdieeachyearofplasticpollution

Theseareall-importantfactorsthathaveaprofoundeffectonourenvironmentandthecreaturesweshareourplanetwith.Shouldwereallyputourownselfishneedsbeforetheneedsofeverythingaroundusnowandthelivesoffuturegenerations?

That'

suptoyoutodecide.

（1）.Thepassagemainlydiscussesthefactorsleadingtoplasticbagpollution..（分数：

7.00）

填空项1:

__________________ 

（正确答案：

N）

全文主旨题。

浏览各小标题可知，本文不仅分析了塑料袋的化学成分及其对环境造成的危害，还着重讨论了塑料袋污染的应对措施。

（2）.Manyfood-carryingbags,madefromhighdensitypolyethylene,areextremelydifficulttorecycle.（分数：

参见“ProductionofPlasticBags”部分第二段。

（3）.Theplasticbagswerefirstproducedinthe1970sandgrewincreasinglypopularsincethe1980s.（分数：

NG）

本文第一句提到塑料袋自20世纪80年代开始普及（．．．sincetheybecamepopularinthe1980s），但并未指出一定是在20世纪?

0年代开始第一次生产。

（4）.Discardedplasticbagsmaybecomehorribleserialkillersforanimalsbecauseoftheirincrediblyslo