英语翻译高级口译高级阅读一Word格式文档下载.docx

英语翻译高级口译高级阅读一Word格式文档下载.docx

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theguyinstallingmywashertellsme,hiseyesnarrowingashewipeshishands,Ihadjustcomplimentedhimandhispartneronthespeedandassuranceoftheirwork.Heexplainsthatit'

srarethatcustomersspeaktohimthisway.Iknowwhathe'

stalkingabout.Mymotherwasawaitressallherlife,incoffeeshopsandfast-pacedchainrestaurants.Itwashardwork,butshelikedit,liked"

beingamongthepublic"

asshewouldsay.Butthatworkhaditssting,too—thecustomerwhowouldtreatherlikeaservantor,herbiggestcomplaint,likeshewasnotthatbright.

There'

salessonhereforthispoliticalseason:

thesubtleandnot-so-subtleinsultsthatblue-collarandserviceworkersendureaspartoftheirworkinglives.Andthoseinsultsoftenhavetodowithintelligence.

WeliketothinkoftheUnitedStatesasaclasslesssociety.ThebeliefineconomicmobilityiscentraltotheAmericanDream,andweprideourselvesonourspiritofegalitarianism.Butwealsohaveatroublingstreakofaristocraticbiasinournationaltemperament,andonewayitmanifestsitselfisintheassumptionswemakeaboutpeoplewhoworkwiththeirhands.Workingpeoplesensethisbiasandreacttoitwhentheyvote.Thecommonpoliticalwisdomisthathot-buttonsocialissueshavedrivenblue-collarvotersrightward.Butthereareotherculturaldynamicsatplayaswell.AndDemocratscanbeasoblivioustothesedynamicsasRepublicans—thoughtheGrandOldPartydidappealtotheminSt.Paul.

Let'

sgobacktothosetwomeninstallingmywasheranddryer.Theydoalotofheavyliftingquickly—minewasthefirstof15deliveries—andefficiently,toavoidinjury.Betweenthemthereisongoingcommunication,verbalandnonverbal,tocoordinatethelift,negotiatethetightfit,moveinrhythmwitheachother.Andallthewhile,theyareweighingoptions,makingdecisionsandsolvingproblems—aswhenmynewdryerdidn'

tmatchupwiththegasoutlet.

Thinkaboutwhatagoodwaitresshastodointhebusyrestaurant:

rememberordersandmonitorthem,attendtoadynamic,quicklychangingenvironment,prioritizetasksandmanagetheflowofwork,makedecisionsonthefly.There'

sthecarpenterusinganumberofmathematicalconcepts—symmetry,proportion,congruence,thepropertiesofangles—andvisualizingtheseconceptswhilebuildingacabinet,aflightofstairs,orapitchedroof.

Thehairstylist'

spracticeisamixoftechnique,knowledgeaboutthebiologyofhair,aestheticjudgment,andcommunicationskill.Themechanic,electrician,andplumberaretroubleshootersandproblemsolvers.Eventheroutinizedfactoryfloorcallsforworkingsmarts.Whenhasanyofthismadeitswayintoourpoliticalspeeches?

Fromeitherparty.EvenonLaborDay.

Lastweek,theGOPmasterfullyinvokedsomeoldculturalsuspicions:

countryfolkversuscityandeast-coastversusheartlandeducation.Butthesearesymbolicpopulistgestures,notthestuffoftrueengagement.Judgmentsaboutintelligencecarrygreatweightinoursociety,andwehaveatendencytomakesweepingassessmentsofpeople'

sintelligencebasedonthekindofworktheydo.

Politicaltributestolaboroverthenexttwomonthswillrenderthemuscledarm,sleeverolledtightagainstbiceps.Butfewwillalsocelebratethethoughtbrightbehindtheeye,orofferanimagethatlinkshandandbrain.Itwouldbefittinginacountrywithanegalitarianvisionofitselftohaveatruer,richersenseofallthatisinvolvedinthewiderangeofworkthatsurroundsandsustainsus.

Thosepoliticianswhocancommunicatethatsensewilltapadeepreserveofneglectedfeeling.Andthosewhocanhonoranduseworkinexplainingandpersonalizingtheirpolicieswillfindawelcomereception.（分数：

12.50）

（1）.Toillustratetheintelligenceoftheworkingclass,theauthorcitestheexamplesofallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

∙A.hairstylistandwaitress

∙B.carpenterandmechanic

∙C.electricianandplumber

∙D.streetcleanerandshopassistant

（分数：

2.50）

A.

B.

C.

D. 

√

解析：

[解析]对文章基本内容的理解，具体内容见第四至六段。

为证明普通蓝领工人的才智，作者列举了安装工、餐馆服务员、木匠、发型师、技工、电工、水暖工等的劳动。

选项A（发型师和女服务员）、B（木匠和技工）和C（电工和水暖工）文中均有提及，但选项D（马路清洁工和商店营业员）在文中没有提及。

（2）.Inthesentence"

weprideourselvesonourspiritofegalitarianism"

（para.3）,theword"

egalitarianism"

canbereplacedby______.

∙A.individualism

∙B.enlightenment

∙C.equality

∙D.liberalism

C. 

D.

[解析]根据上下文正确理解词语和句子的能力。

在第三段，作者指出美国人常认为自己的国家是一个classlesssociety，而美国梦的核心就是thebeliefineconomicmobility，因而其国人多为spiritofegalitarianism感到自豪。

下一句则从out开始发生转折，指出美国人国民气质中也有一种aristocraticbias（贵族意识的偏向），并进而提出体力劳动者受到歧视可能与此偏向相关，显然egalitarianism与aristocraticbias相对。

选项C（平等）符合题意；

而选项A（个人主义）、选项B（启蒙）和D（自由主义）均不符合题意。

（3）.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

∙A.inAmerica,judgmentsaboutpeople'

sintelligenceareoftenbasedonthekindofworktheydo

∙B.thesubtleandnot-so-subtleinsultstowardsblue-collarsareadailyphenomenoninAmerica

∙C.theUnitedStatesisaclasslesssociety

∙D.theoldculturalsuspicionsofcountryfolkversuscityandeast-coastversusheartlandeducationshowtheRepublican'

strueengagement

A. 

[解析]对文章基本内容的理解。

选项A的意思与文中第七段末句最为接近；

选项B说的对蓝领的侮辱是adailyphenomenoninAmerica，但文中并没有提及如此普遍；

文中第三段说到人们常认为美国是classlesssociety，但并没有表明这是一个社会现实，选项C不能被视为文章的结论；

选项D表达的意思与文中第七段的说明相反，均应排除。

（4）.Oneofthemajorgroupsoftargetedreadersoftheauthorshouldbe______.

∙A.blue-collarAmericanworkers

∙B.middle-classAmericanbusinessmen

∙C.Americanpoliticians

∙D.Americancompanyleaders

文章的主题是讨论对普通劳工的尊重，但作者一再提及美国的政党和政治家没有对蓝领工人表现应有的尊重，并在最后几段呼吁政治家们应注意到这一点，由此来获得蓝领阶层的支持。

可见，本文的主要目标读者群之一应是美国的政治家。

选项C正确，选项A，B和D不符合题意，均应排除。

（5）.Whichofthefollowingsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

∙A.TheDemocraticPartyandtheRepublicanPartyshouldstopsymbolicpopulistgestures.

∙B.Politicaltributesshouldmindthesubtlebiasagainsttheintelligenceoftheworkingclass.

∙C.Therulingpartyshouldacknowledgetheworkingsmartsofblue-collars.

∙D.ThewholeAmericansocietyshouldchangetheattitudetowardstheblue-collarworkers.

B. 

[解析]对文章主旨大意的归纳能力。

选项A与第七段相关，但很难说是本文主题，选项C的意思文中有体现，选项D的意思文中也有隐含，不过作为本文的主要意思似欠妥。

选项B对文章主旨的概括较为准确全面。

政治家应当注意社会上实际存在的对工人阶层的偏见。

Tomostpeoplethehumanfaceisacompellingobjectfraughtwithmeaning.Butforautisticchildren,whocan'

tgetareadonotherpeople'

semotions,eyecontactisterrifying.Whentheydolookatfaces,theytendtostareatthemouth.Fortunately,researchersnowthinkthattechnologycanhelpovercomethebarrierthatisolatesthesekinds.Softwarethatenablesrobotstorespondtoachild'

sfeelingsalittlebit—butnottoomuch—canhelptrainhimorhertointeractmorefreelywithpeople."

Thebeautyofarobotorsoftwareisthatit'

snothuman,"

andthereforenotasintimidating,saysStephenPorges,anautismexpertattheUniversityofIllinoisinChicago.

Computer-generatedfacesarealreadyhavinganimpactintheclassroom.PsychologistDominicMassaroattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,hascreatedBaldi,alivelycomputercharacter,asastand-inforhumanteachers.Forthreeyears,Baldiandhisfemalecounterpart,Baldette,havebeengivingautistickidsintheBaySchoolinSantaCruzlessonsinvocabularyandinunderstandingfacialexpressions.Thecharacterhasbeensosuccessfulthathe'

sspawnedimitators—BaldiniinItalian,BaldirinArabicandBaoinChinese.

Porgesthinksthattherealroleofcartoonpersonasisnotsomuchtoteachpatientsastocalmthem.Autistickidsliveinastateofhyperalertness,asiftheywereconstantlysufferingstagefright.Iftechnologycanputthematease,Porgesargues,socialskillswilldevelopnaturally.Inarecentstudy,Porgesexposed20autisticpeople,rangingfrom10to21yearsold,toengineeredspeechandmusic.Heremovedlowfrequencysounds,whichthebodytendstointerpretasindicatingdanger,andexaggeratedvocalintonations,muchaspeopledramatizeemotionswhenspeakingtoinfants.After45minutes,allbutoneofthesubjectsbeganlookingattheeyesofapersononavideoscreenjustasanormalviewerwould.Theimprovementpersistedatleastaweek,buthadfadedaftersixmonths.Porgesisnowdevelopingheadphonesthatreducelowfrequencies.Healsohopestotestwhetherongoingexposuretotheengineeredsoundscanleadtolong-termimprovement.

Othertechnologymaybeeffectiveforlessseverelyautisticchildren.Whereasnormalbabieslearnfromcaretakerstomirroremotions—smileatasmile,frownatafrown—autisticchildrenoftenlackthisbasicskill.CognitivescientistsJavierMovellanandMarianStewartBartlettattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,havebuiltarobotthatcan"

read"

faces.Theyhopethatplayingwiththerobotandwatchingitinteractwithotherswillinspireautisticchildrentoreturnthesmilesofhumans.

Commercialemotion-readingsoftwareabouttohitthemarketcouldbeaboonforsomehighfunctioningautisticandAsperger'

spatientsindealingwithsocialsituations.AffectiveMedia,afirmnearEdinburgh,Scotland,hascreatedaprototypephonethat"

hears"

theemotioninvoicemessagesandconveysitexplicitlytotheowner.Apersoncheckingmessageswouldhearsomethinglikethis:

"

Youhavetwoboredcalls,onesurprisedcall,andoneangrycall."

Threeyearsagothiswassciencefiction,"

saysChristianJones