英语翻译高级口译高级阅读一Word格式文档下载.docx

1、 the guy installing my washer tells me, his eyes narrowing as he wipes his hands, I had just complimented him and his partner on the speed and assurance of their work. He explains that its rare that customers speak to him this way. I know what hes talking about. My mother was a waitress all her life

2、, in coffee shops and fast-paced chain restaurants. It was hard work, but she liked it, liked being among the public, as she would say. But that work had its sting, toothe customer who would treat her like a servant or, her biggest complaint, like she was not that bright.Theres a lesson here for thi

3、s political season: the subtle and not-so-subtle insults that blue-collar and service workers endure as part of their working lives. And those insults often have to do with intelligence.We like to think of the United States as a classless society. The belief in economic mobility is central to the Am

4、erican Dream, and we pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism. But we also have a troubling streak of aristocratic bias in our national temperament, and one way it manifests itself is in the assumptions we make about people who work with their hands. Working people sense this bias and react t

5、o it when they vote. The common political wisdom is that hot-button social issues have driven blue-collar voters rightward. But there are other cultural dynamics at play as well. And Democrats can be as oblivious to these dynamics as Republicansthough the Grand Old Party did appeal to them in St. Pa

6、ul.Lets go back to those two men installing my washer and dryer. They do a lot of heavy lifting quicklymine was the first of 15 deliveriesand efficiently, to avoid injury. Between them there is ongoing communication, verbal and nonverbal, to coordinate the lift, negotiate the tight fit, move in rhyt

7、hm with each other. And all the while, they are weighing options, making decisions and solving problemsas when my new dryer didnt match up with the gas outlet.Think about what a good waitress has to do in the busy restaurant: remember orders and monitor them, attend to a dynamic, quickly changing en

8、vironment, prioritize tasks and manage the flow of work, make decisions on the fly. Theres the carpenter using a number of mathematical conceptssymmetry, proportion, congruence, the properties of anglesand visualizing these concepts while building a cabinet, a flight of stairs, or a pitched roof.The

9、 hairstylists practice is a mix of technique, knowledge about the biology of hair, aesthetic judgment, and communication skill. The mechanic, electrician, and plumber are troubleshooters and problem solvers. Even the routinized factory floor calls for working smarts. When has any of this made its wa

10、y into our political speeches? From either party. Even on Labor Day.Last week, the GOP masterfully invoked some old cultural suspicions: country folk versus city and east-coast versus heartland education. But these are symbolic populist gestures, not the stuff of true engagement. Judgments about int

11、elligence carry great weight in our society, and we have a tendency to make sweeping assessments of peoples intelligence based on the kind of work they do.Political tributes to labor over the next two months will render the muscled arm, sleeve rolled tight against biceps. But few will also celebrate

12、 the thought bright behind the eye, or offer an image that links hand and brain. It would be fitting in a country with an egalitarian vision of itself to have a truer, richer sense of all that is involved in the wide range of work that surrounds and sustains us.Those politicians who can communicate

13、that sense will tap a deep reserve of neglected feeling. And those who can honor and use work in explaining and personalizing their policies will find a welcome reception.（分数：12.50）（1）.To illustrate the intelligence of the working class, the author cites the examples of all of the following EXCEPT _

14、. A. hairstylist and waitress B. carpenter and mechanic C. electrician and plumber D. street cleaner and shop assistant（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 对文章基本内容的理解，具体内容见第四至六段。为证明普通蓝领工人的才智，作者列举了安装工、餐馆服务员、木匠、发型师、技工、电工、水暖工等的劳动。选项A（发型师和女服务员）、B（木匠和技工）和C（电工和水暖工）文中均有提及，但选项D（马路清洁工和商店营业员）在文中没有提及。（2）.In the sentence we

15、pride ourselves on our spirit of egalitarianism （para. 3）, the word egalitarianism can be replaced by _. A. individualism B. enlightenment C. equality D. liberalismC.D.解析 根据上下文正确理解词语和句子的能力。在第三段，作者指出美国人常认为自己的国家是一个classless society，而美国梦的核心就是the belief in economic mobility，因而其国人多为spirit of egalitariani

16、sm感到自豪。下一句则从out开始发生转折，指出美国人国民气质中也有一种aristocratic bias（贵族意识的偏向），并进而提出体力劳动者受到歧视可能与此偏向相关，显然egalitarianism与aristocratic bias相对。选项C（平等）符合题意；而选项A（个人主义）、选项B（启蒙）和D（自由主义）均不符合题意。（3）.We can conclude from the passage that _. A. in America, judgments about peoples intelligence are often based on the kind of work

17、 they do B. the subtle and not-so-subtle insults towards blue-collars are a daily phenomenon in America C. the United States is a classless society D. the old cultural suspicions of country folk versus city and east-coast versus heartland education show the Republicans true engagementA.解析 对文章基本内容的理解

18、。选项A的意思与文中第七段末句最为接近；选项B说的对蓝领的侮辱是a daily phenomenon in America，但文中并没有提及如此普遍；文中第三段说到人们常认为美国是classless society，但并没有表明这是一个社会现实，选项C不能被视为文章的结论；选项D表达的意思与文中第七段的说明相反，均应排除。（4）.One of the major groups of targeted readers of the author should be _. A. blue-collar American workers B. middle-class American busine

19、ssmen C. American politicians D. American company leaders文章的主题是讨论对普通劳工的尊重，但作者一再提及美国的政党和政治家没有对蓝领工人表现应有的尊重，并在最后几段呼吁政治家们应注意到这一点，由此来获得蓝领阶层的支持。可见，本文的主要目标读者群之一应是美国的政治家。选项C正确，选项A，B和D不符合题意，均应排除。（5）.Which of the following summarizes the main idea of the passage? A. The Democratic Party and the Republican Par

20、ty should stop symbolic populist gestures. B. Political tributes should mind the subtle bias against the intelligence of the working class. C. The ruling party should acknowledge the working smarts of blue-collars. D. The whole American society should change the attitude towards the blue-collar work

21、ers.B.解析 对文章主旨大意的归纳能力。选项A与第七段相关，但很难说是本文主题，选项C的意思文中有体现，选项D的意思文中也有隐含，不过作为本文的主要意思似欠妥。选项B对文章主旨的概括较为准确全面。政治家应当注意社会上实际存在的对工人阶层的偏见。To most people the human face is a compelling object fraught with meaning. But for autistic children, who cant get a read on other peoples emotions, eye contact is terrifying.

22、When they do look at faces, they tend to stare at the mouth. Fortunately, researchers now think that technology can help overcome the barrier that isolates these kinds. Software that enables robots to respond to a childs feelings a little bitbut not too muchcan help train him or her to interact more

23、 freely with people. The beauty of a robot or software is that its not human, and therefore not as intimidating, says Stephen Porges, an autism expert at the University of Illinois in Chicago.Computer-generated faces are already having an impact in the classroom. Psychologist Dominic Massaro at the

24、University of California, Santa Cruz, has created Baldi, a lively computer character, as a stand-in for human teachers. For three years, Baldi and his female counterpart, Baldette, have been giving autistic kids in the Bay School in Santa Cruz lessons in vocabulary and in understanding facial expres

25、sions. The character has been so successful that hes spawned imitatorsBaldini in Italian, Baldir in Arabic and Bao in Chinese.Porges thinks that the real role of cartoon personas is not so much to teach patients as to calm them. Autistic kids live in a state of hyperalertness, as if they were consta

26、ntly suffering stage fright. If technology can put them at ease, Porges argues, social skills will develop naturally. In a recent study, Porges exposed 20 autistic people, ranging from 10 to 21 years old, to engineered speech and music. He removed low frequency sounds, which the body tends to interp

27、ret as indicating danger, and exaggerated vocal intonations, much as people dramatize emotions when speaking to infants. After 45 minutes, all but one of the subjects began looking at the eyes of a person on a video screen just as a normal viewer would. The improvement persisted at least a week, but

28、 had faded after six months. Porges is now developing headphones that reduce low frequencies. He also hopes to test whether ongoing exposure to the engineered sounds can lead to long-term improvement.Other technology may be effective for less severely autistic children. Whereas normal babies learn f

29、rom caretakers to mirror emotionssmile at a smile, frown at a frownautistic children often lack this basic skill. Cognitive scientists Javier Movellan and Marian Stewart Bartlett at the University of California, San Diego, have built a robot that can read faces. They hope that playing with the robot

30、 and watching it interact with others will inspire autistic children to return the smiles of humans.Commercial emotion-reading software about to hit the market could be a boon for some high functioning autistic and Aspergers patients in dealing with social situations. Affective Media, a firm near Ed

31、inburgh, Scotland, has created a prototype phone that hears the emotion in voice messages and conveys it explicitly to the owner. A person checking messages would hear something like this: You have two bored calls, one surprised call, and one angry call.Three years ago this was science fiction, says Christian Jones