大学英语四级201Word格式文档下载.docx
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tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15hoursperday
online.She'
dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsitesandinstant-
messagingprograms–leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,along
withthedishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constantcomplaintsfromherfourdaughters
beforesherealizedshehadaproblem.
"
Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart–kindofslippingintoa
depression,"
saidCarla."
IknewthatifIdidn'
tgetoffthedatingsites,I'
djustkeepgoing,"
detaching（使脱离）herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.
Toebe'
sconclusion:
Shefeltlikeshewas"
addicted"
totheInternet.She'
snotalone.
ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'
tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedical
journalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterest
inthesubject.There'
sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhether
addictionispossible.
ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreserious
attention:
Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelook
atexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternet
addictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.Andscoresofonlinediscussionboardshave
poppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb.
There'
snoquestionthatthere'
repeoplewho'
reseriouslyintroublebecausethey'
reoverdoing
theirInternetinvolvement,"
saidpsychiatrist（精神科医生）IvanGoldberg.Goldbergcallsthe
problemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.
JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical.
"
TheInternetisanenvironment,"
hesaid."
Youcan'
tbeaddictedtotheenvironment."
Bishop
describestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeople
toprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftimespentonline.
ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephonesurveyofmorethan
2,500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversityresearchers.About
6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"
theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."
About9%attemptedtoconceal"
nonessentialInternetuse,"
andnearly4%reportedfeeling
preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline."
About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost14%reportedthey
foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysatatime."
TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"
saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanfordprofessor.No
singleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid."
They'
reonlineinchatrooms,
checkinge-mail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]notlimitedtoporn（色情）orgambling"
websites.
ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonlinebut"
interms
oflosses,"
saidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor."
Ifit'
saloss[where]you'
renot
gettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreakingdownasaresult,thenit'
stoomuch."
Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreatheavy
Internetusers.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecoveryandtheCenterforInternet
Behavior.
ThewebsiteforOrzack'
scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychologicalsymptomsof
computeraddiction:
●Havingasenseofwell-being（幸福）orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.
●Longingformoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.
●Neglectoffamilyandfriends.
●Feelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotatthecomputer.
●Lyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.
●Inabilitytostoptheactivity.
●Problemswithschoolorjob.
Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poorpersonalhygiene（卫
生）andsleepdisturbances.
PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermooddisorders,
Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,theyoftenreportthatbeing
onlineoffersa"
senseofbelonging,andescape,excitement[and]fun,"
shesaid."
Somepeoplesay
relief…becausetheyfindthemselvessorelaxed."
SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internetgamersspend
countlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.Onesuchgame,called
WorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposterscomplainingofa"
gamingaddiction."
AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,playsWorldofWarcraft
forabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'
snothingcomparedwiththe40to60hours
aweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scale
familyintervention（干预）,inwhichrelativestoldhimhe'
dgainedweight.
sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"
withonlinegaming,said
Heidrich,nowafatheroftwo."
Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwasaconstantin
theirlives."
Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly"
toremind
myselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck."
ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshe
firstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththe
subjectline:
"
IhaveanInternetAddiction."
I'
mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'
mfailingtoaccomplishmywork,to
takecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren,"
shewroteinamessagesenttothe
group."
Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;
Ican'
tevenpaymymortgage（抵押贷
款）andfacelosingeverything."
Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse."
I
haveaboyfriendnow,andI'
mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"
shesaidbyphonelastweek."
It'
s
alotbetternow."
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternet?
A）Herdaughter'
srepeatedcomplaints.
B）Fatigueresultingfromlackofsleep.
C）Thepoorlymanagedstateofherhouse.
D）Thehighfinancialcostsaddingup.
2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?
A）Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.
B）Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.
C）Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.
D）Peoplehaven'
tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.
3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedifpeople______.
A）trytoimprovetheInternetenvironment
B）becomeawareofitsseriousconsequences
C）canrealizewhatisimportantinlife
D）canreachaconsensusonitsdefinition
4.AccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsideredexcessiveif______.
A）itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationships
B）onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequently
C）toomuchtimewasspentinchatrooms
D）peoplegotinvolvedinonlinegambling
5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmayfeel
______.
A）discouraged
B）pressured
C）depressed
D）puzzled
6.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlinegaming?
A）Hehadlostalotofmoney.
B）Hisfamilyhadintervened.
C）Hehadoffendedhisrelatives.
D）Hiscareerhadbeenruined.
7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto______.
A）improvehisonlinegamingskills
B）curbhisdesireforonlinegaming
C）showhowgoodheisatonlinegaming
D）exchangeonlinegamingexperience
8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe______.
9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'
taffordtoseek______.
10.Nowthatshe'
sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout______.
PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）
SectionA
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.At
theendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththe
conversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.
Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthe
bestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe
centre.
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.
A）Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.
B）Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.
C）Hecannotgetaccess
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