雅思之路阅读真题资料下载.pdf

雅思之路阅读真题资料下载.pdf

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CandidateNumberCandidateName_INTERNATIONALENGLISHLANGUAGETESTINGSYSTEMAcademicReadingPRACTICETEST21hourTime1hourINSTRUCTIONSTOCANDIDATESDonotopenthisquestionpaperuntilyouaretoldtodoso.Writeyournameandcandidatenumberinthespacesatthetopofthispage.Readtheinstructionsforeachpartofthepapercarefully.Answerallthequestions.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.Useapencil.Youmustcompletetheanswersheetwithinthetimelimit.Attheendofthetest,handinboththisquestionpaperandyouranswersheet.INFORMATIONFORCANDIDATESThereare40questionsonthisquestionpaper.Eachquestioncarriesonemark.TheBritishCouncil2012.Allrightsreserved.1READINGPASSAGE1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions113,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1onthefollowingpages.Questions17ReadingPassage1hassevenparagraphs,AG.Choosethecorrectheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,ix,inboxes17onyouranswersheet.ListofHeadingsiAuniquesensoryexperienceiiGettingbacktobasicsiiiThegiftthatkeepsongivingivVariationsinalcoholcontentvOldmethodsoftransportationviCulinaryapplicationsviiMakingkefirviiiAfortunateaccidentixKefirgetsanimagemakeoverxWaystoimprovetaste1SectionA2SectionB3SectionC4SectionD5SectionE6SectionF7SectionGTheBritishCouncil2012.Allrightsreserved.2TheMAGICofKEFIRATheshepherdsoftheNorthCaucasusregionofEuropewereonlytryingtotransportmilkthebestwaytheyknewhowinleatherpouchesstrappedtothesideofdonkeyswhentheymadeasignificantdiscovery.Afermentationprocesswouldsometimesinadvertentlyoccurenroute,andwhenthepoucheswereopeneduponarrivaltheywouldnolongercontainmilkbutratherapungent,effervescent,low-alcoholicsubstanceinstead.Thisunexpecteddevelopmentwasablessingindisguise.Thenewdrinkwhichacquiredthenamekefirturnedouttobeahealthtonic,anaturally-preserveddairyproductandatastyadditiontoourculinaryrepertoire.BAlthoughtheirexactoriginremainsamystery,wedoknowthatyeast-basedkefirgrainshavealwaysbeenattherootofthekefirphenomenon.Thesegrainsarecapableofaremarkablefeat:

@#@incontradistinctiontomostotheritemsyoumightfindinagrocerystore,theyactuallyexpandandpropagatewithuse.Thisisbecausethegrains,whicharegranulartothetouchandbearaslightresemblancetocauliflowerrosettes,houseactiveculturesthatfeedonlactosewhenaddedtomilk.Consequently,abiggerproblemformostkefirdrinkersisnotwheretosourcenewkefirgrains,butwhattodowiththeonestheyalreadyhave!

@#@CThegreatthingaboutkefiristhatitdoesnotrequireamanufacturinglineinordertobeproduced.Grainscanbesimplythrowninwithabatchofmilkforripeningtobegin.Themixturethenrequiresacool,darkplacetoliveandgrow,withperiodicunsettlingtopreventclumping（Caucasusinhabitantsbeganstoringtheconcoctioninanimal-skinsatchelsonthebackofdoorseverytimesomeoneenteredtheroomthemixturewouldgetlightlyshaken）.Afterabout24hourstheyeastculturesinthegrainshavemultipliedanddevouredmostofthemilksugars,andthefinalproductisthenreadyforhumanconsumption.TheBritishCouncil2012.Allrightsreserved.3DNothingcomparestoapersonsfirstencounterwithkefir.Thesmooth,uniformconsistencyrollsoverthetongueinamannerakintoliquefiedyogurt.Thesharp,tartpungencyofunsweetenedyogurtistheretoo,butthereisalsoaslighthintofeffervescence,somethingmostuserswillhavepreviouslyassociatedonlywithmineralwaters,sodaorbeer.Kefiralsocomeswithasubtlearomaofyeast,anddependingonthetypeofmilkandripeningconditions,ethanolcontentcanreachuptotwoorthreepercentaboutonparwithadecentlageralthoughyoucanexpectaround0.8toonepercentforatypicalday-oldpreparation.Thiscanbringoutatinyedgeofalcoholinthekefirsflavour.EAlthoughithasprevailedlargelyasafermentedmilkdrink,overtheyearskefirhasacquiredanumberofotheruses.Manybakersuseitinsteadofstarteryeastinthepreparationofsourdough,andthetangyflavouralsomakeskefiranidealbuttermilksubstituteinpancakes.Kefiralsoaccompaniessourcreamasoneofthemainingredientsincoldbeetrootsoupandcanbeusedinlieuofregularcowsmilkongranolaorcereal.Asawaytokeeptheirdigestivesystemsfine-tuned,athletessometimescombinekefirwithyoghurtinproteinshakes.FAssociatedforcenturieswithpicturesofSlavicbabushkasclutchingashawlinonehandandacupofkefirintheother,theunassumingbeveragehasbecomeaminorcelebrityofthenascenthealthfoodmovementinthecontemporaryWest.Everyday,morestudiespouroutsupportingthebenefitsofadiethighinprobiotics1.Thistrendtowardconsumingprobio