高中英语情态动词详细讲解及例句.doc
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一、情态动词无人称和数的变化,不能单独做谓语,只能和行为动词或状态动词构成谓语
二、情态动词分为:
情态助动词:
can(could)、may(might)、must、haveto(hadto)、oughtto、
shall(should)、will(would)12个
半情态助动词:
dare、need、usedto、hadbetter、wouldbetter(5个)
三、情态助动词
1.canandcould
1)ability:
beabletodo/managetodo/succeedindoingsth.
eg.Thearmycandefeattheirenemy.
eg.Thearmyisabletodefeattheirenemy.
eg.Thearmysucceedindefeatingtheirenemy.
2)permission:
eg.CanIsmokehere?
eg.Youcan’tsmokehere.
3)possibility:
用在否定句、疑问句、感叹句中-
eg.Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.
当被用在肯定句中时,表达的是理论上的可能性,不涉及是否真的会发生
eg.evenexpertdrivescanmakemistakes.
要表达现在或者将来的可能性,用may/might或could.
eg.ImayleaveforBeijingnextmonth.
但在特殊疑问句中,或与副词hardly、only等连用的陈述句中表达可能
性只用can/could
Eg.wherecanthenoisebecomingfrom?
eg.Itcanhardlybethepostman,hecomesonlyinthemorning.
4)有时会:
theroadcanbeblocked.
5)could表示轻微的怀疑或委婉的看法
I’msorryIcouldn’tlendyouthebooknow.
Hisstorycouldbetrue,butIhardlythinkitis.
6)could表示委婉的请求,主要用于疑问句,不用于肯定句
Couldyoulendmesomemoney?
Yes,Ican/No,Iamafraidnot.
7)could的常用结构:
could+动词+比较级“非常,再.....不过了”
Itcouldn’tbebetter.
Couldn’t+过去分词+比较级“非常,再.....不过了”
Theycouldn’thavetriedhardertomakemeeelwelcome.
Can’t..too..=cannevertoo“无论怎样...也不为过,越...越好”
Ican’tthankyoutoomuch.Iowemyprogresstoyou.
Can’t(help/choose)butdo/canbut+动词原形“不得不,只好”
Wecanbutagreewithhim.
Can’thelpdoing忍不住,不得不
Ican’thelplaughing
Can’tbe(it)控制不住,没有办法
Itcan’tbehelped
Can’t....without没有...就不能
Onecan’tsucceedwithoutperseverance.
2.mayandmight
1)permission:
MayIuseyourpen?
Yes,youmay./No,youmaynot.
2)Possibility:
用于推测,表示不确定,不用于疑问句中
ShemayknowTom’saddress.
出现I’mafraid.I’mnotsure等表示不确定时,常用may/might.
I’mafraidhemightnotcometoattendthemeetingtoday.
从语气上判断,may表示的可能性比might大,might更多的表示怀疑
Hemaybeverybusynow.
Hemightbeverybusynow.
3)用于让步状语从句中
Howeverhardyoumaystudy,youcannotmasterEnglishinamonth.
4)用于祈使句,表示祝愿
Mayyousucceed!
5)might常用于表示轻微的责备和委婉的请求
Youmightposttheletterformeifyouaregoingnearapostbox.
Youmighthaveletmeknowbefore!
6)习惯用法:
mayaswelldo”理所当然,有足够的理由”
Shemaybeproudofherson
May/might(just)aswelldo=hadbetterdo(最好)
Youmightaswellstayathometonight.
May/mightaswell+doA+as+do+B”与其做B不如做A”
Youmightaswellthrowthemoneyawayaslendittohim.
Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitbutimperfectly
3.mustandhaveto
1)表示义务,一定要,必须
Youmustarriveingoodtime.Themeetingisveryimportant.
2)表示肯定性或难以避免,必然会,肯定会
Allmenmustdie.
3)must表示有把握的推测,一定是,准时
Mustdo/mustbedoing/musthavedone
Thetallfellowmustbeabasketballplayer.
Let’shavesomething.Youmustbestarving.
Hemusthavereceivedmuletterwhichhasmailedlastweek.
4)must表示非要,偏要,常以第二人称为主语,意指不耐或令人不愉快的事情,用于其他人称,表示主语固执,意为偏偏
Whymustyoubuythatcar?
Janewasneverapleasantyounggirl.Afteryougaveheryouradvice,shemustgo
anddotheopposite.
5)must的三种否定形式
表示不可能mustbe--can’tbemusthavedone--can’thavedone
Youmusthavemethimbefore.
Youcan’thavemethimbefore.
表示不必mustdo--neednotto/don’thaveto
Wemustgetupatsixtomorrowmorning.
Wedon’thavetogetupatsixtomorrowmorning.
表示决不能,严禁must--mustn’t
Youmustn’tparkyourcarhere.
6)回答以must提问的句子
Mustwecleanalltherooms?
Yes,youmust/No,youdon’thaveto/No,youneedn’t
7)must可做名词,表示必须有的东西,必须做的事
Warmclothesareamustinthemountains.
8)must和haveto表示必须时,有一下差别
Must表示的是说话人主观的看法,而haveto则往往强调客观需要