农产品物流外文翻译Word格式.docx

农产品物流外文翻译Word格式.docx

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　国外发展农产品物流的成功经验及其对浙江的启示　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

外文题目：

　Logistics&

theNationalEconomy

出处：

InternationalJournalofPhysicalDistribution&

LogisticsManagement

作者：

MCBUPLtd

原文：

Logistics&

theNationalEconomy

Introduce

Logisticshasalwaysbeenacentralandessentialfeatureofalleconomicactivityandyetparadoxicallyitisonlyinrecentyearsthatithascometoreceiveseriousattentionfromeitherthebusinessoracademicworld.Oneveryobviousreasonforthisneglectisthat,whilstthefunctionsthatcomprisethelogisticstaskareindividuallyrecognised,theconceptoflogisticsasanintegrativeactivityinbusinesshasonlyreallydevelopedwithinthelast20years.

Whatislogistics?

Itcanbevariouslydefined,butexpressedatitssimplestitis:

Theprocessofstrategicallymanagingthemovementandstorageofmaterials,parts,andfinishedinventoryfromsuppliers,throughthefirmontocustomers.

Logisticsisthusconcernedwiththemanagementofthephysicalflowwhichbeginswithsourcesofsupplyandendsatthepointofconsumption.Itisthereforeclearlymuchwiderinitsreachthansimplyaconcernwiththemovementoffinishedgoods—acommonlyheldviewofphysicaldistribution.Inthelogisticsschemeofthingswearejustasmuchconcernedwithplantanddepotlocation,inventorylevels,materialsmanagementandinformationsystemsaswearewithtransport.

Oneofthefeaturesofthelogisticsconceptwhichisitsgreatestattractionwhilstsimultaneouslybeingthegreatestdrawbacktoitswidespreadadoptioninindustrysofaristhatitplacestheemphasisonintegratingactivitiesthattraditionallyhavebeenlocatedindifferentfunctionsofthebusiness.Thusinmanycompaniesresponsibilityfor,say,inventoryontheonehandandtransportontheothermaybevestedintheproductionfunctionandthedistributionfunctionrespectively,anddecisionsononewilloftenbemadewithoutregardfortheother.Thelogisticsviewpointhoweverforcesthedecision-takertorecognisetheconnectionsbetweenthecomponentelementsofthematerialsflowsystem—indeeditencouragescomprehensivesystemsthinkingratherthanfunctionaltunnelvision.

Itisinterestingtotracetheevolutionofthoughtinthelogisticsactivityandthentoassessitsimportanceforbusinesstoday.

Asearlyas1915,writingfromthatotherplace—HarvardBusinessSchool—ArchShawtookaviewofthelogisticsactivitywhichwasradicallyfar-sighted.Hesaid:

Therelationsbetweentheactivitiesofdemandcreationandphysicalsupply...illustratetheexistenceofthetwoprinciplesofinterdependenceandbalance.

Failuretoco-ordinateanyoneoftheseactivitieswithitsgroup-fellowsandalsowiththoseintheothergroup,orundueemphasisoroutlayputuponanyoneoftheseactivities,iscertaintoupsettheequilibriumofforceswhichmeansefficientdistribution.

...Thephysicaldistributionofthegoodsisaproblemdistinctfromthecreationofdemand...Notafewworthyfailuresindistributioncampaignshavebeenduetosuchalackofco-ordinationbetweendemandcreationandphysicalsupply...

Insteadofbeingasubsequentproblem,thisquestionofsupplymustbemetandansweredbeforetheworkofdistributionbegins.

Thisviewoflogisticsasabridgebetweendemandcreationandphysicalsupplyisstillasvalidtodayasitwaswhenfirstexpressed65yearsago.Howevernomatterhowbasicandfundamentalthisideawas,verylittleattentionseemstohavebeenpaidtoitandindeedin1962oneofthegurusofManagement,PeterDrucker,writinginFortunemagazinesaid:

Physicaldistributionistoday'

sfrontierinbusiness.Itistheoneareawheremanagerialresultsofgreatmagnitudecanbeachieved.Anditisstilllargelyunexploredterritory.

Therearesignshoweverthatmanagementconsciousnessoftheimportanceoflogisticsisgrowing.ThelasttenyearshaveseenamajorupsurgeininterestinthisareaintheUKandtherestofWesternEurope.WearestillsomewaybehindtheUnitedStatesinouracceptanceofthelogisticsconcept,asituationthatisreflectedperhapsinthefactthatthereisonlyoneChairinMarketingLogisticsinWesternEuropeandthatishereatCranfield,comparedwithmorethan50intheUnitedStates.

Anumberoffactorshavecontributedtothegrowthofinterestinlogisticsinmanagement.Oneoftheseisthatinevitablyascompaniesseekoutareasforproductivityimprovementtheyareforcedtoconfrontthemajorsourceofcorporatecostsrepresentedbydistribution.Productionandmarketinghavebothbeensubjectedtoscrutinybyacademiccommentatorsandthemoreefficiency-consciouscompanies.Nowitistheturnofthematerialsflowsystemthatbindsproductionandmarketingtoreceivesimilarexamination.

Givingincreasedurgencytothisexaminationisthegrowthofcost