汽车构造英文版 版Word格式文档下载.docx

汽车构造英文版 版Word格式文档下载.docx

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theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidethecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission.

1.3 

Body

Anautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.

1.4 

Chassis

Thechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartofavehicle.Thechassisincludesthetransmission,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.

Transmissionsystems―conveysthedrivetothewheels.Themaincomponentsareclutch,gearbox,driveshaft,finaldrive,anddifferential.

Suspension―absorbstheroadshocks.

Steering―controlsthedirectionofthemovement.

Brake―slowsdownthevehicle.

1.5 

Electrical 

Equipment

Theelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsistsofthebattery,alternator（orgenerator）.Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheengine'

smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery.

NewWords

Principalcomponent 

主要部件

category 

种类，类型

body 

车身

chassis 

底盘

layout 

布置

powerunit 

动力装置

internalcombustionengine 

内燃机

cylinder 

汽缸

gasoline 

汽油

spark 

火花

ignition 

点燃，点火

diesel 

柴油机

compression 

压缩

shaft 

轴

transmission 

传动系

sheetmetal 

金属板

shell 

外壳

hood 

（发动机）罩

trunkdeck 

行李舱盖

cargo 

货物

styling 

样式

assembly 

总成，装配

suspension 

悬挂，悬置

shock 

冲击

steering 

转向，操纵

brake 

刹车，制动器

clutch 

离合器

gearbox 

变速器

driveshaft 

传动轴

finaldrive 

主减速器，后桥

differential 

差速器

slowdown 

（使）慢下来，减速

horn 

喇叭

starter 

起动机

charge 

充电

alternator 

交流发电机

ReviewQuestions

1.Listthemainpartsofanautomobile?

2.Whatarethecommontypesofavehicleaccordingtobodystyling?

3.Whichsystemsdoesachassisincludeandwhatarethemainfunctionsofthechassis?

4.Whyaresuspensionsystemsusedonvehicles?

CHAPTER2INTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINE

2.1principleofoperation

2.1.1Engineandpower

Engineisusedtoproducepower.Thechemicalenergyinfuelisconvertedtoheatbytheburningofthefuelatacontrolledrate.Thisprocessiscalledcombustion.Ifenginecombustionoccurswiththepowerchamber.,theengineiscalledinternalcombustionengine.Ifcombustiontakesplaceoutsidethecylinder,theengineiscalledanexternalcombustionengine.

Engineusedinautomobilesareinternalcombustionheatengines.Heatenergyreleasedinthecombustionchamberraisesthetemperatureofthecombustiongaseswiththechamber.Theincreaseingastemperaturecausesthepressureofthegasestoincrease.Thepressuredevelopedwithinthecombustionchamberisappliedtotheheadofapistontoproduceausablemechanicalforce,whichisthenconvertedintousefulmechanicalpower.

2.1.2EngineTerms

Linkingthepistonbyaconnectingrodtoacrankshaftcausesthegastorotatetheshaftthroughhalfaturn.Thepowerstroke“usesup”thegas,someansmustbeprovidedtoexpeltheburntgasandrechargethecylinderwithafreshpetrol-airmixture:

thiscontrolofgasmovementisthedutyofthevalves;

aninletvalveallowsthenewmixturetoenterattherighttimeandanexhaustvalveletsouttheburntgasafterthegashasdoneitsjob.Enginetermsare:

TDC（TopDeadCenter）:

thepositionofthecrankandpistonwhenthepistonisfartherawayfromthecrankshaft.

BDC（BottomDeadCenter）:

thepositionofthecrankandpistonwhenthepistonisnearesttothecrankshaft.

Stroke:

thedistancebetweenBDCandTDC;

strokeiscontrolledbythecrankshaft.

Bore:

theinternaldiameterofthecylinder.

Sweptvolume:

thevolumebetweenTDCandBDC.

Enginecapacity:

thisisthesweptvolumeofallthecylindere.g.afour-strokehavingacapacityoftwoliters（2000cm）hasacylindersweptvolumeof50cm.

Clearancevolume:

thevolumeofthespaceabovethepistonwhenitisatTDC.

Compressionratio=（sweptvol+clearancevol）\（clearancevol）

Two-stroke:

apowerstrokeeveryrevo