英语听力教程第三版张民伦主编Unit6FindtheRightWords听力原文Word文档格式.docx

英语听力教程第三版张民伦主编Unit6FindtheRightWords听力原文Word文档格式.docx

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TheEnglishlanguagecanbetracedbacktoprehistoricIndo-EuropeanthroughtheWestGermanicline.However,manyotherinfluenceshaveshapedthedevelopmentofModernEnglish.WewillreviewsomeimportantdatesinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ThefirstthreeareLatininfluences:

1.In5,5B.C.CaesarconqueredBritainandtheCelticpeople.

2.In43.B.C.Romecolonizedtheisland.

3.TheRomansremainedfor400years（thefirstfourcenturiesoftheChristianEra）.

Thenextsignificantdateswere:

4.Theyear499（whichwastheyearoftheAnglo-Saxonconquestoftheisland）.

5.From500on,theWestGermaniclanguagewasthebasiclanguageofBritain（orEngland）.

Influencesfromotherlanguagescontinuedhowever.

6.InthesixthandseventhcenturiesEnglandwasChristianizedbymissionariessentbythePope（sothatLatininfluencecontinued）.

Then,

7.Intheeig11thandninthcenturiestheNorsemen（Vikings）,invadedEnglandwiththeirOldNorselanguage.

8.In1066.theNormanConquestbroughtFrenchlinguisticinfluence.

9.TheFrenchinfluencecontinuedfor300years（theninthcenturythroughthe11thcentury）.

10.Andfinally,inthefifteenandsixteenhundreds,whenclassicallearningwasrevived,therewascontinuedLatinlanguageinfluence.

1.Peoplearedelightedifyoucanspeaktheirlanguage,andtheydon'

tcarehowwellyouspeakit.Theyarenotupsetwhenyoumakemistakes.Ithinkinordertolearn,youmustn'

tbeafraidofmakingmistakes.

2.I'

maveryshypersonandit'

snoteasyformetotalktostrangers.Butyouhavetoforceyourselftotalktopeople.That'

swhatIdidanditreallyhelpedme.

3.Ithinkthebestlanguagelearnersarepeoplewithasenseofhumor.Trytolaughatyourownmistakesanddon'

ttakeyourselftooseriously.You'

llfindthatotherpeoplewillbesympatheticwhenyoumakemistakes.

4.Itooktwocoursesinbusinessstudies.Iread,studied,listenedtolecturesandtooknotesinEnglish.ItwasaverygoodexperienceformebecauseIdidn'

thavetimetothinkaboutthelanguage.Irecommendforgettingaboutthegrammarandthinkingaboutthemeaninginstead.

5.Inmyexperience,learningaforeignlanguagealwaysinvolvesalotoftime,alotofboringworkandlotsofproblems!

Inshort,ifyouwanttolearnanotherlanguageyouhavetoworkhard.

6.Trytoreadasmuchasyoucan.Ithinkthat'

sthebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishandtolearnmorenewwords.IalwaystrytoreadsomethinginEnglisheveryday.

PartIISkillstocommunicatebadnews

AviArditti：

I'

mAviArdittiwithRosanneSkirble,andthisweekonWordmaster:

givingdoctorsbetterskillstocommunicatebadnews.

RosanneSkirble：

AnthonyBackisamedicaloncologistattheUniversityofWashingtonandtheFredHutchinsonCancerResearchCenterinSeattle.Heandfourcolleaguesareinthefifthyearleadingaprogramfundedwithoneandone-halfmilliondollarsfromtheNationalCancerInstitute.

DoctorBacksaysspeciallytrainedactorsplaycancerpatientstohelponcologistslearnhowtoavoidsoundinginsensitivewhentheprognosisisgrim.

AnthonyBack：

ProbablythebiggestmisconceptionIfaceisthatyou'

reeitherbornwiththisoryou'

renot.Infact,whattheresearchshowsisthatpeoplelearntodothisovertime.Andthewaytheylearntodoitistheyseegoodrolemodels,theypractice,theygetspecificfeedbackonwhatthey'

redoing,theytry-outnewthings,theyinnovateanddevelopnewconversationalpracticesforthemselves.

Canyougiveussomeexamplesofthoseconversationalpractices--whataresomewaystoimpartbadnews?

Here'

sanexample:

Thepatienthashadcancerinthepast,hasbeendoingwellandiscominginforsomeroutinefollow-uptests.Theroutinefollow-uptestsunexpectedlyshowthecancerhasstartedtocomeback.

Thedoctorwilltypicallygoinandsaytothepatient,"

Guesswhat,yourcancer'

sback."

Andthepatientwillbejustblownaway,right?

Thereareacoupleofpracticestherethatdoctorscandothatcanhelp.Oneistostartwith--especiallyifyoudon'

tknowthepatient--askingwhatthepatientexpected,whatdidtheyunderstandabouttheircancer,whatweretheyexpectingwiththistest.Becauseifthepatientsaystoyou"

Youknow,theydidn'

ttellmeanything.I'

mjustherebecauseIgotthisappointmentinthemail,"

that'

sonewholekindofcomprehensionlevel.Whereasifthepatientsays"

IhadaTlNlMOlungcancerandtheytoldmeIhadafifty-fivepercentchanceofdiseaserecurrenceinthenexttwoyears,"

sawholedifferentstory,right?

Thesecondthingisthatafteryougivethisdifficultnews,thenIthinkit'

sreallyimportanttoaddr