英语听力教程第三版张民伦主编Unit6FindtheRightWords听力原文Word文档格式.docx

1、The English language can be traced back to prehistoric Indo-European through the West Germanic line. However, many other influences have shaped the development of Modern English. We will review some important dates in the history of the English language. The first three are Latin influences:1. In 5,

2、5 B.C. Caesar conquered Britain and the Celtic people. 2. In 43. B.C. Rome colonized the island. 3. The Romans remained for 400 years （the first four centuries of the Christian Era）. The next significant dates were:4. The year 499 （which was the year of the Anglo-Saxon conquest of the island）. 5. Fr

3、om 500 on, the West Germanic language was the basic language of Britain （or England）. Influences from other languages continued however. 6. In the sixth and seventh centuries England was Christianized by missionaries sent by the Pope （so that Latin influence continued）. Then, 7. In the eig11th and n

4、inth centuries the Norsemen （Vikings）, invaded England with their Old Norse language. 8. In 1066. the Norman Conquest brought French linguistic influence. 9. The French influence continued for 300 years （the ninth century through the 11th century）. 10. And finally, in the fifteen and sixteen hundred

5、s, when classical learning was revived, there was continued Latin language influence. 1. People are delighted if you can speak their language, and they dont care how well you speak it. They are not upset when you make mistakes. I think in order to learn, you mustnt be afraid of making mistakes. 2. I

6、m a very shy person and its not easy for me to talk to strangers. But you have to force yourself to talk to people. Thats what I did and it really helped me. 3. I think the best language learners are people with a sense of humor. Try to laugh at your own mistakes and dont take yourself too seriously

7、. Youll find that other people will be sympathetic when you make mistakes. 4. I took two courses in business studies. I read, studied, listened to lectures and took notes in English. It was a very good experience for me because I didnt have time to think about the language. I recommend forgetting ab

8、out the grammar and thinking about the meaning instead. 5. In my experience, learning a foreign language always involves a lot of time, a lot of boring work and lots of problems! In short, if you want to learn another language you have to work hard. 6. Try to read as much as you can. I think thats t

9、he best way to improve your English and to learn more new words. I always try to read something in English everyday. Part II Skills to communicate bad news Avi Arditti：Im Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on Wordmaster: giving doctors better skills to communicate bad news. Rosanne Skir

10、ble：Anthony Back is a medical oncologist at the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle. He and four colleagues are in the fifth year leading a program funded with one and one-half million dollars from the National Cancer Institute. Doctor Back says special

11、ly trained actors play cancer patients to help oncologists learn how to avoid sounding insensitive when the prognosis is grim. Anthony Back：Probably the biggest misconception I face is that youre either born with this or youre not. In fact, what the research shows is that people learn to do this ove

12、r time. And the way they learn to do it is they see good role models, they practice, they get specific feedback on what theyre doing, they try-out new things, they innovate and develop new conversational practices for themselves. Can you give us some examples of those conversational practices - what

13、 are some ways to impart bad news?Heres an example: The patient has had cancer in the past, has been doing well and is coming in for some routine follow-up tests. The routine follow-up tests unexpectedly show the cancer has started to come back. The doctor will typically go in and say to the patient

14、, Guess what, your cancers back. And the patient will be just blown away, right? There are a couple of practices there that doctors can do that can help. One is to start with - especially if you dont know the patient - asking what the patient expected, what did they understand about their cancer, wh

15、at were they expecting with this test. Because if the patient says to you You know, they didnt tell me anything. Im just here because I got this appointment in the mail, thats one whole kind of comprehension level. Whereas if the patient says I had a Tl Nl MO lung cancer and they told me I had a fifty-five percent chance of disease recurrence in the next two years,s a whole different story, right?The second thing is that after you give this difficult news, then I think its really important to addr