专八阅读理解模拟考试试题Word文档下载推荐.docx

专八阅读理解模拟考试试题Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Mostinvestigatorsconcurthatcertainfacialexpressionssuggestthesameemotionsinapeople.Moreover,peopleindiverseculturesrecognizetheemotionsmanifestedbythefacialexpressions.InclassicresearchPaulEkmantookphotographsofpeopleexhibitingtheemotionsofanger,disgust,fear,happiness,andsadness.Hethenaskedpeoplearoundtheworldtoindicatewhatemotionswerebeingdepictedinthem.ThosequeriedrangedfromEuropeancollegestudentstomembersoftheFore,atribethatdwellsintheNewGuineahighlands.AllgroupsincludingtheFore,whohadalmostnocontactwithWesternculture,agreedontheportrayedemotions.TheForealsodisplayedfamiliarfacialexpressionswhenaskedhowtheywouldrespondiftheywerethecharactersinstoriesthatcalledforbasicemotionalresponses.Ekmanandhiscolleaguesmorerecentlyobtainedsimilarresultsinastudyoftenculturesinwhichparticipantswerepermittedtoreportthatmultipleemotionswereshownbyfacialexpressions.Theparticipantsgenerallyagreedonwhichtwoemotionswerebeingshownandwhichemotionwasmoreintense.

Psychologicalresearchersgenerallyrecognizethatfacialexpressionsreflectemotionalstates.Infact,variousemotionalstatesgiverisetocertainpatternsofelectricalactivityinthefacialmusclesandinthebrain.Thefacial-feedbackhypothesisargues,however,thatthecausalrelationshipbetweenemotionsandfacialexpressionscanalsoworkintheoppositedirection.Accordingtothishypothesis,signalsfromthefacialmuscles（"

feedback"

）aresentbacktoemotioncentersofthebrain,andsoaperson'

sfacialexpressioncaninfluencethatperson'

semotionalstate.

ConsiderDarwin'

swords:

"

Thefreeexpressionbyoutwardsignsofanemotionintensifiesit.Ontheotherhand,therepression,asfaraspossible,ofalloutwardsignssoftensouremotions."

Cansmilinggiverisetofeelingsofgoodwill,forexample,andfrowningtoanger?

Psychologicalresearchhasgivenrisetosomeinterestingfindingsconcerningthefacial-feedbackhypothesis.Causingparticipantsinexperimentstosmile,forexample,leadsthemtoreportmorepositivefeelingsandtoratecartoons（humorousdrawingsofpeopleorsituations）asbeingmorehumorous.Whentheyarecausedtofrown,theyratecartoonsasbeingmoreaggressive.

Whatarethepossiblelinksbetweenfacialexpressionsandemotion?

Onelinkisarousal,whichisthelevelofactivityorpreparednessforactivityinanorganism.Intensecontractionoffacialmuscles,suchasthoseusedinsignifyingfear,heightensarousal.Self-perceptionofheightenedarousalthenleadstoheightenedemotionalactivity.Otherlinksmayinvolvechangesinbraintemperatureandthereleaseofneurotransmitters（substancesthattransmitnerveimpulses.）Thecontractionoffacialmusclesbothinfluencestheinternalemotionalstateandreflectsit.Ekmanhasfoundthattheso-calledDuchennesmile,whichischaracterizedby"

crow'

sfeet"

wrinklesaroundtheeyesandasubtledropintheeyecoverfoldsothattheskinabovetheeyemovesdownslightlytowardtheeyeball,canleadtopleasantfeelings.

Ekman'

sobservationmayberelevanttotheBritishexpression"

keepastiffupperlip"

asarecommendationforhandlingstress.Itmightbethata"

stiff"

lipsuppressesemotionalresponse-aslongasthelipisnotquiveringwithfearortension.Butwhentheemotionthatleadstostiffeningthelipismoreintense,andinvolvesstrongmuscletension,facialfeedbackmayheightenemotionalresponse.

1.Theworddespondentinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

Acurious

Bunhappy

Cthoughtful

Duncertain

2.Theauthormentions"

Baringtheteethinahostileway"

inorderto

Adifferentiateonepossiblemeaningofaparticularfacialexpressionfromothermeaningsofit

BupportDarwin'

stheoryofevolution

Cprovideanexampleofafacialexpressionwhosemeaningiswidelyunderstood

Dcontrastafacialexpressionthatiseasilyunderstoodwithotherfacialexpressions

3.Thewordconcurinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

Aestimate

Bagree

Cexpect

Dunderstand

4.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingwastrueoftheForepeopleof

NewGuinea?

ATheydidnotwanttobeshown