中国对美国纺织品服装出口的外文翻译Word下载.docx

中国对美国纺织品服装出口的外文翻译Word下载.docx

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U.S.A.

http:

//www.ers.usda.gov/amberwaves

ThomasVollrath,thomasv@ers.usda.gov

MarkGehlhar,mgehlhar@ers.usda.gov

StephenMacDonald,stephenm@ers.usda.gov

Thestructureoftheglobaltextilemarketisfundamentallychanginginresponsetopolicyreformsstemmingfromthe1995UruguayRound（UR）oftheWorldTradeOrganization.TheURinstitutedagreementstoreducetariffsontextileandapparelproductstolevelsclosertothosefoundelsewhereinmanufacturing.ItalsoestablishedtheAgreementonTextilesandClothing（ATC）,whichstipulatesthatallbilateralimportquotas,sanctionedunderthe1974Multi-FiberArrangement（MFA）,willbeeliminatedby2005.FullimplementationoftheURreformswillbringtextilesandapparelintogreaterconformitywithinternationallyacceptedrulesoftrade.Collectively,thesereformsshouldstimulategrowthintextiletrade,whichalreadyoutpacestradeinothersectorsoftheworldeconomy.Forexample,tradeintextilesandapparelinthelastdecadenearlydoubledto$334billion.Thesereformsalsopromisetosignificantlyalterthelocationofproductionandthedirectionoffiberandtextiletrade.

TheBilateralFiberandTextileTradedatabase,availableontheERSwebsite（www.ers.usda.gov/data/fibertextiletrade/）,enablesanalyststoexaminetheevolvingstructureoftradeamongpartnersandacrosscommoditiesandproductsintheglobalmarket.Thisdatabase,derivedfromUNComtradedata,containsinformationaboutcommodityandproducttradeflowsamongexportingandimportingcountries/regionsbetween1992and2002.

Theglobalnetworkoftradeintextilesandapparelhasshiftedsignificantly,withmanylow-incomecountriesbenefitingfromhighersaleswithinthepastdecade.Unlikeagriculturalproduction,whichdependsontheavailabilityofnaturalresources,thelocationoftextileand,particularly,apparelproductionishighlymobileandextremelyresponsivetowagedifferentials.Textileandapparelproductionrequiressubstantiallabor,isnottechnologicallydemanding,andprovidesemploymentopportunitiesfortherelativelyunskilledlaborerswhotransferoutofsubsistenceagriculture.Itintroducesworkerstomanufacturingandprovidesthemwithtrainingopportunitiesinnewandproductivity-enhancingactivities.

Competitionfromlow-costsuppliersindevelopingcountrieshasputconsiderablepressureonestablishedexportersoftextilesandapparel,particularlythoseinthenewlyindustrializedcountries（NIC）ofAsia（HongKong,Macau,Singapore,SouthKorea,andTaiwan）.TheAsian-NICshareoftheglobaltextileandapparelmarkethalved,fallingfrom24to12percentbetween1992and2002.Incontrast,themarketshareofdeveloping-countrysuppliers,excludingtheAsianNICs,increased15percentagepointsto64percentduringthisperiod.Chinawasespeciallysuccessful,raisingitsshareoftheglobalmarketto25percentin2002,up4percentagepointsfrom1992.Suchcompetitivepressuresfromlow-cost,developing-countrysuppliersarelikelytoacceleratefollowingtheeliminationofMFAquotasby2005.

Textileandappareltradeisstronglyinfluencedbyestablishednetworksandgeographicalproximity.Together,Africa,theMiddleEast,andEasternEuropedominatetheEUmarketbecauseofpreferentialtradingagreementsandtheeconomicsofgeographicallocation.Incontrast,themostimportantsupplierstotheUnitedStatesareLatinAmerica,China,andtheAsianNICs.WithimprovedmarketaccessfromtheATC,low-incomeAsianproducersarelikelytoviemoreeffectivelywiththesetraditionalsuppliersforforeignmarketsharesintheU.S.andEUmarkets.

TheURreformsareexpectedtoreducepricesfortextilesandapparel,increasingworldwidedemandforproductsthroughoutthefiber-to-clothingsupplychain.Demandfortextileandapparelimportsisalreadyrisingrapidlyamongtheindustrializedcountries（IC）.ThisdemandisparticularlystrongamongimportersusingMFAquotas（Canada,EU,Norway,andtheUnitedStates）.AsconsumerpricesfallduetoATCreforms,importsofclothing,bedlinen,carpets,andotherproductsarelikelytocontinuetoincrease.Envisionedshiftsinsupplyanddemandfortextileandapparelwillenhancelaborproductivityinthedevelopingcountries,leadingtoincomegrowthandgreaterglobaldemandforagriculturalproducts,includingfoodandrawfibers,suchascotton.

不断变化的世界纺织品服装贸易格局

托马斯·

瓦拉斯，马克·

葛赫哈，史蒂芬·

麦克通纳德

美国

瓦拉斯，thomasv@ers.usda.gov

马克·

葛赫哈，mgehlhar@ers.usda.gov

史蒂芬·

麦克通纳德，stephenm@ers.usda.gov

全球纺织品市场结构是根据1995年世界贸易组织举行的乌拉圭回合的政策改革而发生着根本性的变化。

乌拉圭回合提议将纺织品和服装产品的关税降低到与这些生产国的关税比较接近的水平。

它同样确立了纺织品与服装协定（ATC），ATC是保证在1974年多种纤维协定（MFA）下制定的所有的双边进口配额将会在2005年被取消。

乌拉圭回合改革的全部实现将使得纺织品和服装与国际上公认的贸易规则更加地一致。

总的来说,这些改