6级真题及答案Word文件下载.docx

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Givemesixhourstochopdownatree,andIwillspend,thefirstfoursharpeningtheaxe."

Youshouldwriteatleast 

150 

wordsbutnomorethan 

200 

words.

TheWaytoSuccess

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

PartII 

ReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning） 

（15minutes）

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionson 

AnswerSheet1. 

Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfrom 

thefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Google'

sPlanforWorld'

sBiggestOnlineLibrary:

PhilanthropyOrActofPiracy?

Inrecentyears,teamsofworkersdispatchedbyGooglehavebeenworkinghardtomake 

digitalcopiesofbooks.Sofar,Googlehasscannedmorethan10milliontitlesfromlibrariesin 

AmericaandEurope 

- 

includinghalfamillionvolumesheldbytheBodleianinOxford.Theexact 

methoditusesisunclear;

thecompanydoesnotallowoutsiderstoobservetheprocess.

WhyisGoogleundertakingsuchaventure?

Whyisiteveninterestedinallthoseout-of-printlibrarybooks,mostofwhichhavebeengatheringdustonforgottenshelvesfordecades?

Thecompanyclaimsitsmotivesareessentiallypublic-spirited.Itsoverallmission,afterall,isto"

organise 

theworld'

sinformation"

soitwouldbeoddifthatinformationdidnotincludebooks.

Thecompanylikestopresentitselfashavingloftyaspirations."

Thisreallyisn'

taboutmakingmoney.Wearedoingthisforthegoodofsociety."

AsSantiagodelaMora,headofGoogleBooksforEurope,putsit:

"

Bymakingitpossibletosearchthemillionsofbooksthatexisttoday,wehope 

toexpandthefrontiersofhumanknowledge."

DanClancy,thechiefarchitectofGoogleBooks,doesseemgenuineinhisconvictionthatthisisprimarilya 

philanthropic 

（慈善的）exercise."

scorebusinessissearchandfind,soobviouslywhathelpsimproveGoogle'

ssearchengineisgoodforGoogle,"

hesays."

Butwehaveneverbuilta 

spreadsheet 

（电子数据表）outliningthefinancialbenefitsofthis,andIhaveneverhadtojustifytheamountIamspendingtothecompany'

sfounders."

Itiseasy,talkingtoClancyandhiscolleagues,tobesweptalongbytheirmissionarypassion. 

ButGoogle'

sbook-scanningprojectisprovingcontroversial.Severalopponentshaverecently 

emerged,rangingfromrivaltechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandAmazontosmallbodiesrepresentingauthorsandpublishersacrosstheworld.Inbroadterms,theseopponentshavelevelledtwosets 

ofcriticismsatGoogle.

First,theyhavequestionedwhethertheprimaryresponsibilityfordigitallyarchivingtheworld'

s 

booksshouldbeallowedtofalltoacommercialcompany.Inarecentessayinthe 

NewYorkReviewofBooks, 

RobertDarnton,theheadofHarvardUniversity'

slibrary,arguedthatbecausesuchbooksareacommonresource–thepossessionofusall–onlypublic,not-for-profitbodiesshouldbegiventhepowertocontrolthem.

ThesecondrelatedcriticismisthatGoogle'

sscanningofbooksisactuallyillegal.ThisallegationhasledtoGooglebecoming 

miredin 

（陷入）alegalbattlewhosescopeandcomplexitymakes 

theJarndyceandJarndycecaseinCharlesDickens'

BleakHouse 

lookstraightforward.

Atitscentre,however,isonesimpleissue:

thatofcopyright.Theinconvenientfactaboutmost 

books,towhichGooglehasarguablypaidinsufficientattention,isthattheyareprotectedby 

copyright.Copyrightlawsdifferfromcountrytocountry,butingeneralprotectionextendsforthe 

durationofanauthor'

slifeandforasubstantialperiodafterwards,thusallowingtheauthor'

sheirstobenefit.（InBritainandAmerica,thispost-deathperiodis70years.）Thismeans,ofcourse,that 

almostallofthebookspublishedinthe20thcenturyarestillundercopyright 

– 

andthelastcentury 

sawmorebookspublishedthaninallpreviouscenturiescombined.Oftheroughly40million 

booksinUSlibraries,forexample,anestimated32millionareincopyright.Ofthese,some27 

millionareoutofprint.

OutsidetheUS,Googlehasmadesureonlytoscanbooksthatareoutofcopyrightandthusinthe"

publicdomain"

（workssuchastheBodleian'

sfirsteditionof 

Middlemarch, 

whichanyonecanreadforfreeonGoogleBooksSearch）.

But,withintheUS,thecompanyhasscannedbothin-copyrightandout-of-copyrightworks.Initsdefence,Googlepointsoutthatitdisplaysonlysmallsegmentsofbooksthatareincopyright– 

arguingthatsuchdisplaysare"

fairuse"

.Butcriticsallegethatbymakingelectroniccopiesof 

thesebookswithoutfirstseekingthepermissionofcopyrightholders,Googlehascommittedpiracy.

"

Thekeyprincipleofcopyrightl