份ACCA考试F5模拟测试题目答案文档格式.docx

份ACCA考试F5模拟测试题目答案文档格式.docx

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Variance

$$$$

PlasmaTVs330350–2075015,000A

LCDTVs290300–106506,500A

–––––––

21,500A

Salesvolumecontributionvariance=（actualsalesvolume–budgetedsalesvolume）xstandardmargin

ActualBudgetedDifferenceStandardSales

salessalesmarginvolume

volumevolumevariance

$$

PlasmaTVs75059016019030,400F

LCDTVs6505906018010,800F

–––––––––––––––––––

1,4001,18041,200F

（ii）Materialpriceplanningandpurchasingoperationalvariances

Materialplanningvariance=（originaltargetprice–generalmarketpriceattimeofpurchase）xquantitypurchased

（$60–$85）x1,400=$35,000A.

Materialpriceoperationalvariance=（generalmarketpriceattimeofpurchase–actualpricepaid）xquantitypurchased.

（$85–$80）x1,400=$7,000F.

（iii）Labourrateandlabourefficiencyvariances

Labourratevariance=（standardlabourrateperhour–actuallabourrateperhour）xactualhoursworked.

Actualhoursworkedbytemporaryworkers:

Totalhoursneededifstaffwerefullyefficient=（750x2）+（650x1·

5）=2,475.

Permanentstaffprovide2,200hoursthereforeexcess=2,475–2,200=275.

However,temporaryworkerstaketwiceaslong,thereforehoursworked=275x2=550

Labourratevariancerelatessolelytotemporaryworkers,thereforeignorepermanentstaffinthecalculation.

Labourratevariance=（$14–$18）x550=$2,200A.

Labourefficiencyvariance=（standardlabourhoursforactualproduction–actuallabourhoursworked）xstandardrate.

（275–550）x$14=$3,850A.

（b）Explanationofplanningandoperationalvariances

Beforethematerialpriceplanningandoperationalvarianceswerecalculated,theonlyinformationavailableasregards

materialpurchasingwasthattherewasanadversematerialpricevarianceof$28,000.Thepurchasingdepartmentwillbe

assessedonthebasisofthisvariance,yet,onitsown,itisnotareliableindicatorofthepurchasingdepartment’sefficiency.

Thereasonitisnotareliableindicatorisbecausemarketconditionscanchange,leadingtoanincreaseinprice,andthis

changeinmarketconditionsisnotwithinthecontrolofthepurchasingdepartment.

Byanalysingthematerialspricevariancefurtherandbreakingitdownintoitstwocomponents–planningandoperational–

thevarianceactuallybecomesamoreusefulassessmenttool.Theplanningvariancerepresentstheuncontrollableelement

andtheoperationalvariancerepresentsthecontrollableelement.

Theplanningvarianceisareallyusefulforprovidingfeedbackonjusthowskilledmanagementareinestimatingfutureprices.

Thiscanbeveryeasyinsomebusinessesandverydifficultinothers.

Theoperationalvarianceismoremeaningfulinthatitmeasuresthepurchasingdepartment’sefficiencygiventhemarket

conditionsthatprevailedatthetime.Itthereforeignoresfactorsthatthepurchasingdepartmentcannotcontrol,whichinturn,

stopsstafffrombecomingdemotivated.

11

2Turnover

Turnoverhasdecreasedfrom$72·

025millionin2009to$66·

028millionin2010,afallof8·

3%.However,thismustbe

assessedbytakingintoaccountthechangeinmarketconditions,sincetherehasbeena20%declineindemandforaccountancy

training.Giventhis20%declineinthemarketplace,ATCo’sturnoverwouldhavebeenexpectedtofallto$57·

62mifithadkept

inlinewithmarketconditions.ComparingATCo’sactualturnovertothis,it’sactualturnoveris14·

6%higherthanexpected.As

such,ATCohasperformedfairlywell,givenmarketconditions.

Itcanalsobeseenfromthenon-financialperformanceindicatorsthat20%ofstudentsin2010arestudentswhohavetransferred

overfromalternativetrainingproviders.Itislikelythattheyhavetransferredoverbecausetheyhaveheardabouttheimproved

servicethatATCoisproviding.Hence,theyaremostlikelythereasonfortheincreasedmarketsharethatATCohasmanagedto

securein2010.

Costofsales

Costofsaleshasdecreasedby19·

2%in2010.Thismustbeconsideredinrelationtothedecreaseinturnoveraswell.In2009,

costofsalesrepresented72·

3%ofturnoverandin2010thisfigurewas63·

7%.Thisisquiteasubstantialdecrease.Thereasons

foritcanbeascertainedby,firstly,lookingatthefreelancestaffcosts.

In2009,thefreelancecostswere$14·

582m.Giventhataminimum10%reductioninfeeshadbeenrequestedtofreelance

lecturersandthenumberofcoursesrunbythemwasthesameyearonyear,theexpectedcostforfreelancelecturersin2010was

$13·

124m.Theactualcostswere$1