光的偏振演示实验报告Word文档下载推荐.docx
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偏振光的实验
Thepurposeoftheexperiment:
tomasterthespectrometerworks,familiarwiththeprinciplesandpropertiesofpolarizedlight.VerifyMaluslaw,andtherefractiveindexofthemediumisdeterminedaccordingtoBrewster'
slaw.
Experimentalprinciple:
Thevariousanalyzesandmeasurementsinordertostudythepolarizationpropertiesofthepolarizationstateoflightandtheuseoflight,variouspolarizingelement:
generatingapolarizedlightcomponent,andtochangethepolarizationstateofthelightelements,etc.,thefollowingclassificationintroduced.
1..Producepolarizedlightcomponents
Lightgeneratedfromthelaserbeforetheinvention,thenaturallightingeneralarenon-polarizedlight,andthereforeproducethecomponentsofthepolarizedlightmustproducepolarized.Basedontheroleoftheseelementsintheexperimentweredividedintoapolarizerandananalyzer.Thepolarizerisanelementwhichconvertsnaturallightintolinearlypolarizedlight,theanalyzerisapolarizationstateoftheelementusedtoidentifylight.InthelaserresonatorcantakeadvantageoftheBrewsterangleoftheoutputlaserbeamisalinearlypolarizedlight.
Alotofnaturallightbecomespolarized,amethodusinglightpolarizationphenomenaintheinterfacereflectionandtransmissiontime.Ourancestorsintheveryearlyreflectionofthehorizontalplanelightsomeresearch,butquantitativestudywasfirstperformedin1815byBrewster.Thereflectedlightperpendiculartotheincidentsurfaceofthelightvibration(calledthescomponent)thanparalleltotheincidentsurfaceofthelightvibration(calledpcomponent);
whilethetransmittedlightisopposite.Changingtheincidentangleatthetime,thereisaspecialphenomenon,i.e.,whentheincidentangleofaspecificvalue,thereflectedlightbecomescompletelylinearlypolarizedlight(s-component).Refractedlightispartiallypolarizedlight,andatthistimeofthereflectedlightandrefractedlightvertical,aphenomenonknownasBrewster'
slaw.Themethodisoneofthemethodsofthelinearlypolarizedlightcanbeobtained.AsshowninFigure1.Becausethiscase,
ifn1=1(fortherefractiveindexofair),then
(1)
The
CalledtheBrewsterangle,sotherefractiveindexofthemediumcanbemeasuredbythesizeofthemeasurementofBrewsterangle.
Introducedabove,wecanknowthattheuseofreflectioncanproducepolarizedlight,thesamecanalsotakeadvantageoftransmission(severaltransmission)toproducepolarizedlight(glassheap).Thesecondisanopticalprism,aNicolprism,aGlanprism,etc.,itisbirefringenceusingacrystalmadeoftheprinciple.Whenthereisaparticulardirection(opticalaxisdirection)inthecrystal,whenthespreadofthebeaminthisdirection,thelightbeamdoesnotsplit,thebeamtodeviatefromthedirectionofpropagation,thelightbeamwillbesplitintotwobeams,whereinthelightbeamcomplywiththelawofrefractioncalledunusuallight(olight),anotherbeamoflightisgenerallynon-compliancewiththelawofrefractioniscalledtheextraordinarylight(elight).Oarelinearlypolarizedlightandelight(alsocalledcompletelypolarizedlight),bothofthevibrationdirectionofthelightvector(inthenormalusestate)mutuallyperpendicular.Changingthedirectionoftheincidentlightraytowardthecrystalscanbefoundintheopticalaxisdirection,inthisdirection,theOrayande-rayisequaltothevelocityofpropagation,thesamerefractiveindex.Thecrystalscanhaveanopticalaxis,calleduniaxialcrystal,suchascalcite,quartz,canhavetwoopticalaxes,calledbiaxialcrystal,suchasmica,sulfur,etc..Includingtheopticalaxisandtheplaneofeachlightlinecalledcorrespondstothemainplaneofthelight,ophotoelectricvectoroscillationdirectionperpendiculartothemainplaneofolight,ephotoelectricvectorparalleltothevibrationdirectionofthemainplaneofthee-ray.
Glanprismconstitutedbytwocalciterectangularprism,theairgap,paralleltotheopticalaxisofthecalciteprismridgebetweenthetwoprisms.Naturallightverticallytheinterfaceinjectionprismintoolightandelight,olightintheairgapontotalreflection,onlyelightthroughtheprism.
Thethirdisthepolarizingplate,itistheuseofpolyvinylalcoholmadeofaplasticfilm,ithasalongchainofthecomb-shapedstructureofmolecules,thesemoleculesarearrangedinparallelinthesamedirection,thefilmallowsonlyperpendiculartothearrangementdirectionofthelightvibrationsispassed,resultinginlinearlypolarizedlight.ItspolarizationperformanceasaGlanprism,buttheadvantageischeap,andalargeareacanbeobtained.Polarizerasthepolarizerandtheanalyzerusedinthisexperiment.
2.Wavechip:
Alsoknownphaseretardationpl