光的偏振演示实验报告Word文档下载推荐.docx

光的偏振演示实验报告Word文档下载推荐.docx

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偏振光的实验

Thepurposeoftheexperiment:

tomasterthespectrometerworks,familiarwiththeprinciplesandpropertiesofpolarizedlight.VerifyMaluslaw,andtherefractiveindexofthemediumisdeterminedaccordingtoBrewster'

slaw.

Experimentalprinciple:

Thevariousanalyzesandmeasurementsinordertostudythepolarizationpropertiesofthepolarizationstateoflightandtheuseoflight,variouspolarizingelement:

generatingapolarizedlightcomponent,andtochangethepolarizationstateofthelightelements,etc.,thefollowingclassificationintroduced.

1..Producepolarizedlightcomponents

Lightgeneratedfromthelaserbeforetheinvention,thenaturallightingeneralarenon-polarizedlight,andthereforeproducethecomponentsofthepolarizedlightmustproducepolarized.Basedontheroleoftheseelementsintheexperimentweredividedintoapolarizerandananalyzer.Thepolarizerisanelementwhichconvertsnaturallightintolinearlypolarizedlight,theanalyzerisapolarizationstateoftheelementusedtoidentifylight.InthelaserresonatorcantakeadvantageoftheBrewsterangleoftheoutputlaserbeamisalinearlypolarizedlight.

Alotofnaturallightbecomespolarized,amethodusinglightpolarizationphenomenaintheinterfacereflectionandtransmissiontime.Ourancestorsintheveryearlyreflectionofthehorizontalplanelightsomeresearch,butquantitativestudywasfirstperformedin1815byBrewster.Thereflectedlightperpendiculartotheincidentsurfaceofthelightvibration（calledthescomponent）thanparalleltotheincidentsurfaceofthelightvibration（calledpcomponent）;

whilethetransmittedlightisopposite.Changingtheincidentangleatthetime,thereisaspecialphenomenon,i.e.,whentheincidentangleofaspecificvalue,thereflectedlightbecomescompletelylinearlypolarizedlight（s-component）.Refractedlightispartiallypolarizedlight,andatthistimeofthereflectedlightandrefractedlightvertical,aphenomenonknownasBrewster'

slaw.Themethodisoneofthemethodsofthelinearlypolarizedlightcanbeobtained.AsshowninFigure1.Becausethiscase,

ifn1=1（fortherefractiveindexofair）,then

（1）

The

CalledtheBrewsterangle,sotherefractiveindexofthemediumcanbemeasuredbythesizeofthemeasurementofBrewsterangle.

Introducedabove,wecanknowthattheuseofreflectioncanproducepolarizedlight,thesamecanalsotakeadvantageoftransmission（severaltransmission）toproducepolarizedlight（glassheap）.Thesecondisanopticalprism,aNicolprism,aGlanprism,etc.,itisbirefringenceusingacrystalmadeoftheprinciple.Whenthereisaparticulardirection（opticalaxisdirection）inthecrystal,whenthespreadofthebeaminthisdirection,thelightbeamdoesnotsplit,thebeamtodeviatefromthedirectionofpropagation,thelightbeamwillbesplitintotwobeams,whereinthelightbeamcomplywiththelawofrefractioncalledunusuallight（olight）,anotherbeamoflightisgenerallynon-compliancewiththelawofrefractioniscalledtheextraordinarylight（elight）.Oarelinearlypolarizedlightandelight（alsocalledcompletelypolarizedlight）,bothofthevibrationdirectionofthelightvector（inthenormalusestate）mutuallyperpendicular.Changingthedirectionoftheincidentlightraytowardthecrystalscanbefoundintheopticalaxisdirection,inthisdirection,theOrayande-rayisequaltothevelocityofpropagation,thesamerefractiveindex.Thecrystalscanhaveanopticalaxis,calleduniaxialcrystal,suchascalcite,quartz,canhavetwoopticalaxes,calledbiaxialcrystal,suchasmica,sulfur,etc..Includingtheopticalaxisandtheplaneofeachlightlinecalledcorrespondstothemainplaneofthelight,ophotoelectricvectoroscillationdirectionperpendiculartothemainplaneofolight,ephotoelectricvectorparalleltothevibrationdirectionofthemainplaneofthee-ray.

Glanprismconstitutedbytwocalciterectangularprism,theairgap,paralleltotheopticalaxisofthecalciteprismridgebetweenthetwoprisms.Naturallightverticallytheinterfaceinjectionprismintoolightandelight,olightintheairgapontotalreflection,onlyelightthroughtheprism.

Thethirdisthepolarizingplate,itistheuseofpolyvinylalcoholmadeofaplasticfilm,ithasalongchainofthecomb-shapedstructureofmolecules,thesemoleculesarearrangedinparallelinthesamedirection,thefilmallowsonlyperpendiculartothearrangementdirectionofthelightvibrationsispassed,resultinginlinearlypolarizedlight.ItspolarizationperformanceasaGlanprism,buttheadvantageischeap,andalargeareacanbeobtained.Polarizerasthepolarizerandtheanalyzerusedinthisexperiment.

2.Wavechip:

Alsoknownphaseretardationpl