初中英语被动语态讲解 练习及答案复习课程Word格式文档下载.docx
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eg:
Hewalksthroughthepark.
”。
sick“生病的2.ill,
Hermotherwasillinbed.ill只在系动词后作表语sick既可作表语eg:
Hermotherwassickinbed.
也可作定语eg:
Janeistakingcareofhersickmother.
若ill作定语,译为“坏的,恶劣的”
anillperson一个坏人
sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的,想吐的“
Theboyalwaysfeelssickwhenhetravelsbycar.
【固定搭配】介词+/副词动词+名词/代词
makeroomfor给.....腾出地方eg:
Wecanmakeroomforheratthistable.
playajokeon戏弄人;
对人恶作剧eg:
Wecan'
tplayajokeonlaw.
speakhighlyof称赞eg:
Thecustomsspeakhighlyoftheirqualityofservice.
saygoodbyeto告别;
告辞eg:
Idon'
twanttosaygoodbyetothem.
takeanactivepartin积极参加eg:
Theytakeanactivepartinschoolactivities.
takecareof照顾;
照料;
注意eg:
CouldyoutakecareofmyplantswhileI'
monvacation?
【被动语态】
(一)语态:
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态:
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如:
ManypeoplespeakChinese.
谓语:
speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如:
Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
(二)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:
am/is/are+spoken
一般过去时:
was/were+spoken
一般将来时:
will/shallbe+spoken
现在进行时:
am/is/arebeing+spoken
过去进行时:
was/werebeing+spoken
精品文档.
精品文档
现在完成时:
have/hasbeen+spoken
过去完成时:
hadbeen+spoken
(三)被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
(不知道是谁偷的)
Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。
Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主
动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.
Theymakethebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.
Hecutdownatree.→Atreewascutdownbyhim.
(五)含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成
Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.
→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.
Theyshoulddoitatonce.
→Itshouldbedoneatonce.
(六)特殊情况
1.Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.
→Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.
2.MotherneverletsmewatchTV.
→IamneverlettowatchTVbymother.
3.JackgavePeteraChristmaspresentjustnow.
→
(1)AChristmaspresentwasgiventoPeterbyJackjustnow.
→
(2)PeterwasgivenaChristmaspresentbyJackjustnow.
常见的句型结构:
Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......)that......大家同意(相信、决定、希望、认为)......
Itis(was)wellknownthat......众所周知
Itis(was)takenforgrantedthat......被视为当然
Itmustberememberedthat......务必记住......
Itmustn'
tbeforgottenthat......千万别忘记......
Itis(was)said(reported,heard,told,suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......)
二、典型例题
()1.TheOlympicGames___________everyfouryears.
AareheldBwereheldC.areholdingD.willho1d
()2.Intheartshow,alotofenjoyment__toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings.
A.isgivingBisgivenCwillgiveDhasgiven
()3.TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.It_________in.manyschoolsaroundtheworld.
A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.istaught
()4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,________asPeople'
sWriter.
A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards
()5.Usuallycomputers_________tosearchtheInternet.
A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used
()6.--Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?
--Yes.Ourclassroom__________everyday.
A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleaned
()7.一DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmeltterrible?
一Yes.Infact,it____.That'
sallbecauseofthepeopleandthefactoriesaround.
A.pollutedBwaspollutedChaspollutedD.waspo11ute
()8.--Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.
--You'
reright.ButthankstoEarthDay_______,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefulthingsto
protect(保护)theearthsinceEarthDay.
A.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted
()9.---IfeelveryhappythatI____tobethehost.---Congratulations!
A.chooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen
()10.Manytreesandflowers______inourschoollastyear,andtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgarden.
A.plantB.plantedC.haveplantedD.wereplanted
()11.Somefamouspaintings__________inthehallnextweek.
A.willshowB.wereshownC.isshownD.willbeshown
()12.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyinthesc