考研长难句讲义终稿Word文档格式.docx
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•两个或以上独立分句
•并列连词
•各分句主谓完整
•各分句意思同等重要，互相独立
•主要连词：
•and，or，but，neither…nor，yet
2000年Text1
•Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.
复合句
•一个主句和一个或多个从句
•主句表达主要意思
•从句表达次要意思
三大从句
•
名词性从句
名词从句引导词
对应的简单句类型
引导词是否作成分
引导词是否可以省略
连词that
对应于陈述句
不作成分，无实际含义
在不影响句子意思的情况下，宾语从句的that可以省略
连词whether\if
对应于一般疑问句
不作成分，有“是否”得含义
不能省去，因为有“是否”的含义
连接副词when,where,
why,how
连接代词who,whom,what,which,
whose
对应与特殊疑问句
When,where,why,how在从句中作状语；
who,whom,what作主语、宾语、表语；
which和whose作定语，后接名词
不能省去，因为既作“成分”又有“实际含义”
一、主语从句
●that引导的主语从句
●whether引导的主语从句
●特殊疑问词引导的主语从句
•Thattheplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute.（1998年Text5）
•Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.（2006年Text3）
常见的主语从句的类型
•1.Itis+形容词+that从句
•Itisobvious/necessary/likely/fortunate/truethat…
•ItistruethatEnglishisbecominganinternationallanguage.
2000年翻译
•Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry.
•2.Itis+过去分词+that从句
•Itisbelievedthat（人们认为…）
•Itisgenerallythoughtthat（人们普遍认为…）
1995年考研完形
•Forexample,ithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleepdeprivationis100percentfataltorats.
1992年翻译
•Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.
•3.Itis+名词短语+that
•Itisafactthat…
•Itisacommonknowledgethat
•Itismybeliefthat…
•Itiscommonknowledgethatwhaleisnotafish.
•Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.
•（PrideandPrejudice）
•4.It+不及物动词+that从句
•Itseemsthat…
•Itfollowsthat…因此
•Ithappensthat…碰巧是
•Itturnsoutthat…结果
•ItseemedthatCanadawasoncemorefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardsmallerfamiliesthatoccurredthroughallthewesternworldsincethetimeoftheindustrialrevolution.
•Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;
Thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpesonalcommunicationisafact.
2005年Text1
•However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.
•特殊疑问词引导的主语从句
•Howapersonmastershisfateismoreimportantthanwhathisfateis.
•72）Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.
二、宾语从句——按位置划分
•及物动词后的宾语从句
•介词后的宾语从句
•Ihavelearnedthatlove,nottime,healsallwounds.
2005年Text2
•Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?
•Thereisdisagreementamongeconomistaboutwhatmoneyisandhowmoneyismeasured.
1997年Text4
•“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.
三、表语从句
•Thetruthisthatmarriage,atthestart,isanemptybox.Youmustputsomethinginbeforeyoucantakeanythingout.Thereisnoloveinmarriage,loveisinpeople,andpeopleputitintomarriage.
2002年Text3
•Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.
1997年Text2
•AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.
四、同位语从句
•抽象名词+that+陈述句
•Thereisapopularsayingthatfamilyinstablilitycausessocialinstablity.
2005年Text3
•Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears.
定语从句
1、形容词作定语与从句作定语的比较
•Idon’tlikelazypeople.
•Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.
2、先行词和关系词
•先行词：
被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。
•关系词：
重复指代先行词、起连接主句和从句的作用，并且在定语从句中充当一定成分的连接词称为关系词。
先行词
•一个词
•一个短语
•一个句子
2006年完形
•Evenwhenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda______thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachdaywanderingthestreet.
[A]lodging
[B]shelter
[C]dwelling（B）
[D]house
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