基于制度结构的中小企业技术创新激励系统构建Word文档下载推荐.docx

基于制度结构的中小企业技术创新激励系统构建Word文档下载推荐.docx

《基于制度结构的中小企业技术创新激励系统构建Word文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《基于制度结构的中小企业技术创新激励系统构建Word文档下载推荐.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

ChenLinGongXiumin

Abstract:

TheSMEs,asthemainforceoftechnicalinnovationinChina,lackingsufficienttechnicalinnovationmotivationnotonlyseriouslyaffectsthesurvivalanddevelopmentofSMEsthemselves,butalsodirectlyhamperstherealizationofthenationalstrategicgoalforinnovation.AccordingtotheSpecificformoftechnicalinnovationofSMEs---innovationcluster,andcombiningwiththetheoriesofinstitutionaleconomyandrelativebusinessmanagerialtheoriesaswell,thepresentarticlemakesanin-depthanalysisofthecausesofinadequatepoweroftechnicalinnovationinSMEs,andpointsoutthe“system”isthesourceofmotivationofSMEs’technicalinnovation.Basedontheinstitutionstructure,thearticleconstructsanmotivatesystemaimedatmotivatingSMEstoinnovate.Ithascertaintheoreticalvalueandpracticalsignificance.

keyword：

SME;

technicalinnovation;

motivemechanism;

institutionstructure;

innovationcluster

I.Introduction

Technologicalinnovationhasstrategicsignificationforacountry.ItisthebaseofSMEs’survivalanddevelopment,andalsoisthemainsourceofacountry’scompetitivenessinthebackgroundoftheknowledgeeconomy.AsthemainforceoftechnicalinnovationinChina,theirpatentsofinventionoccupy66%oftotalamountinChina,and85%ofthenewproductshavebeendevelopedbySMEs.However,accordingto"

ChinaStatisticalYearbook2007"

theamountofChina’snationwideR&

Dinvestmentin2006was300.31billionyuan,andtheR&

Dintensity（theratioofexpendituresbyanationonresearchanddevelopmenttothenation'

stotalGDP）was1.42%,whereastheproportionbetweenSMEs’investmentinR&

Dandtheirsalesrevenuesisgenerallylessthan1%.Datashowthatonly28%ofChina’sSMEsengageintechnologicalresearchandexperimentalactivities,andtheirexpendituresonR&

Dgenerallyaccountforlessthan1%oftheirtotalsalesrevenue.Butfrominternationalperspective,foranenterprisetosurvive,ithastospendatleast2%ofitssalesrevenueonR&

D,anditwillattainitscompetitivepowernotuntilthisproportionisincreasedtoover5%.Obviously,theinnovativemotivationofSMEsisinsufficient,anditnotonlyseriouslyaffectsthesurvivalanddevelopmentofSMEsthemselves,butalsodirectlyhamperstherealizationofthenationalstrategicgoalforinnovation.

Aboutenterprisetechnologyinnovationmotivemechanism,academiahashadplentyofresearch.Thetypicalrepresentativeoftheviewsare:

（1）Accordingtothecausesgeneratingtechnicalinnovation,therearetechnology-pushing（J.A.Chumpeter,etc.）,market-drawing（J.Schmooklet,etc.）,andtechnology-marketcomprehensivedriving（C.Freeman,D.Mowery,N.Rosenberg,etc.）.

（2）Evolutionistsregardvariouskindsofinnovationasawholesystem,andthesystemevolutesfollowthe“specific”pathwhichistheresultofthemutualchoiceofenterprises,technicalopportunitiesandmarkets.Theevolutionisdrivenbythecombinedactionoftechnologymodels,organizationformsandmarketstructure.（3）Recently,mostscholarsstudythisissuefromtheinternalandexternal,orfromthemacroaspectandmicroaspect;

etc..Variousviewshavetheirownrationalitybecausetheyarealltheresultsoftheeffectivestudyatthattime.Buttheresultstillnowexitsthreeimperfectionsatleast:

（1）Macroscopicmotivationandmicroscopicmotivationcan'

tbeconnectedproperly,andtherelationbetweenthemcan'

tbeexplainedverywellalso.

（2）TheresultofmotivemechanismofSMEs’technicalinnovationbasedoninnovationclusterhasnotbeenfound..（3）TheresearchaboutthemotivemechanismofSMEs’technicalinnovationlackssystematicnessbynow.

Therefore,accordingtothecharacteristicsoftechnicalinnovationofSMEs,andcombiningwiththetheoriesofeconomyandrelativebusinessmanagerialtheoriesaswell,thepresentarticlemakesanin-depthanalysisofthecausesofinadequatepoweroftechnicalinnovationinSMEs,andproposesthecorrespondingsolutionandmethodabouthowtomotivateSMEtoinnovateeffectively.Ithascertaintheoreticalvalueandpracticalsignificance.

II.ThecausesofthelackofmotivationfortechnologicalinnovationinSMEs

NomaterfromwhatdimensionsorlevelsacademiccirclesstudiedtheproblemofinnovativepowerortheproblemofincentivemechanismofSMEs,inthefinalanalysis,theultimatemotivationofSMEs’technologicalinnovationshouldcomefromthepursuitforprofitbasedoninnovation.Ifentrepreneursdonotanticipatethatinnovationcanhelpthemobtainprofit,they,asrationaldecision-makers,willnotchoosetoinnovate.JustaswhatSchumpeter,honoredasthefatherofinnovationtheory,said,theultimatedrivingforceforinnovationisthepotentialbenefitthatexistsinsoc