语言学树形图Word下载.docx

语言学树形图Word下载.docx

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NP

VP

QualVNP

oftenreaddetectivestories

d）theargumentagainsttheproposals

PP

DetN

theargumentagainsttheproposals

e）movetowardsthewindow

towardsthewindow

move

3.Drawphrasestructuretreesforeachofthefollowingsentences.

a）ThejetIanded.

InflP（=S）

Infl

Pst

Ianded

Thejet

b）Marybecameveryill.

PstV

becamevery

ill

Mary

c）Whatwillyoutalkabout?

CP

Sz

NPInfl

VPN

What

will

youe

talkaboute

d）Theapplemighthittheman.

S

Aux

The

applemighthitthe

man

OR

V

e）Heoftenreadsdetectivestories.

Qual

N

He

often

readsetective

stories

Pres

NQual

Heoften

4.Thefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier（s）,thendrawthetreestructures.

a）AfrightenedpassengerIandedthecrippledairplane.

DetA

NPstV

AfrightenedpassengerIandedthecrippledairplane

b）Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky.

NPInflVP

Ahuge

NPstVPP

moon

c）Anunusualeventoccurredbeforethemeeting.

Det

Anunusualeventoccurredbeforethe

meeting

d）Aquaintoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhill.

A

P

DetAN

Aquaintold

houseappearedonthegrassyhill

5.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences,

a）Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.

NCONN

Jim

has

washed

thedirtyshirtsand

pants

DetANP

washedthedirtyshirtsand

b）Helenputonherclothesandwentout.

CON

Helenputon

herclothesand

wentout

VP/X

\

入

c）Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.

AP

Maryis

fondof

1

VAP

11

tiredofstatistics

but

（is）

literature

VA

/T\1

Maryisfondof

d）Thedetectivewentoutandthemysteriousman

came

in.

Adv

andthemysteriousmancamein

Thedetective

e）Crusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmelt.

Crusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmelt

6.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.

a）YouknowthatIhatewar.

NPVP

You

knowthat

NVN

Ihatewar

knowthatI

hatewar

b）HesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover.

C

VLA

HesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover

c）Gerrycan'

believethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.

NegV

Gerry

d）ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.S

can

notbelieve

VL

Chris

e）Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.S

was

AC

z\

VP

Thechildren

arguedover

whetherbats

had

7.Eachofthefollowingsentencescontainsarelativeclause.Draw

wings

thedeepstructureandthesurfacestructure

treesforeachofthesentences.

a）Theessaythathewrotewastoolong.

Deepstructure

Theessayhe

wrotethatwas

toolong

SurfaceStructure

Deg

essaythat

too

he

wrotee

long

b）Thedogthathekeepsbites.

dog

keeps

that

bites

PresV

c）Herbertfoundthemansheloved.

CS

NInfl

Herbert

found

the

she

loved

who