英语四六级仔细阅读训练四文化教育与科研和问题讨论五篇阅读及解析Word格式.docx

英语四六级仔细阅读训练四文化教育与科研和问题讨论五篇阅读及解析Word格式.docx

《英语四六级仔细阅读训练四文化教育与科研和问题讨论五篇阅读及解析Word格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语四六级仔细阅读训练四文化教育与科研和问题讨论五篇阅读及解析Word格式.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

Memoryexistsnotonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers，forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememorystoragecapacityofacomputerwiththatofahumanbeing.Theinstantaccessmemoryofalargecomputermayholdupto100,000“words"

—stringofalphabeticornumericalcharacters—readyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.S.teenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However，thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample，thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.

Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblem-solvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson'

smemoryisintermsofwordsandcombinationsofwords.Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandkindofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity.Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals.

1. 

Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutmemory?

A. 

Ithelpsusperceivethingshappeningarounduseveryday.

B. 

Itaffectsourdecision-making.

C. 

Itaffectsourpastexperiences.

D. 

Thepastisconnectedwiththepresentbymemory.

2. 

Accordingtothepassage，memoryishelpfulinone'

slife-inthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTthat 

.

itinvolvesthechangeinone'

sbehavior

itkeepsinformationforlateruse

itwarnspeoplenottodothingsrepeatedly

itmakesoneremembereventsthathappenedinthepast

3. 

Whatistheauthor'

sviewaboutcomputersascomparedtohumanbeings?

Computershavebettermemorythanachilddoes*

Computersareasintelligentasateenageris.

Computersunderstandasmanyas100,000words.

Humanbeingsarefarsuperiortocomputers.

4. 

Whatisthemajorcharacteristicofman'

smemorycapacityaccordingtotheauthor?

Itcanbeexpandedbylanguage.

Itcanrememberallthecombinedwords.

Itmaykeepalltheinformationinthepast.

Itmaychangewhathasbeenstoredinit.

5. 

Humanbeingsmakethemselvesdifferentfromotheranimals

by______.

havingtheabilitytoperceivedanger

havingafargreatermemorycapacity

havingtheabilitytorecognizefacesandplacesonsight

havingtheabilitytodrawonpastexperiences

PassageTwo

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage

Justiceinsocietymustincludebothafairtrialtotheaccusedandtheselectionofanappropriatepunishmentforthoseprovenguilty.Becausejusticeisregardedasoneformofequality,wefindinitsearlierexpressionstheideaofapunishmentequaltothecrime.RecordedintheOldTestamentistheexpression"

aneyeforaneye，andatoothforatooth”.Thatis,theindividualwhohasdonewronghascommittedanoffenseagainstsociety.Tomakeupforthisoffense,societymustgetjust.Thiscanbedoneonlybyinflictinganequalinjuryuponhim.Itisillustratedwhenwedemandthedeathpenaltyforapersonwhohascommittedmurder.AndthisphilosophyofpunishmentwassupportedbytheGermanidealistHegel.Hebelievedthatsocietyowedittothecriminaltoadministerapunishmentequaltothecrimehehadcommitted.Tothemurderernothinglessthangivinguphisownlifewillpayhisdebt.

Modernjuristshavetriedtoreplaceretributivejusticewiththenotionofcorrectivejustice.Theaimofthelatterisnottoabandontheconceptofequalitybuttofindamoreadequatewaytoexpressit.Ittriestopreservetheideaofequalopportunityforeachindividualtorealizethebestthatisinhim.丁hecriminalisregardedasbeingsociallyillandinneedoftreatmentthatwillenablehimtobecomeanormalmemberofsociety.Beforeatreatmentcanbeadministered,thecauseofhisantisocialbehaviormustbefound.Ifthecausecanberemoved,provisionsmustbemadetohavethisdone.Onlythosecriminalswhoareincurableshouldbepermanentlyseparatedfromtherestofsociety.Ifsevere