计算机英语参考答案文档格式.docx

计算机英语参考答案文档格式.docx

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（1）Ageneral-purposecomputerhasfourmainsections.Theyarethearithmeticandlogicunit（ALU）,thecontrolunit,thememory,andtheinputandoutputdevices,collectivelytermedI/O.Theyareinterconnectedbybusses,oftenmadeofgroupsofwires.

（2）Thecontrolunitisoftencalledacontrolsystemorcentralcontroller.

（3）●Readthecodeforthenextinstructionfromthecellindicatedbytheprogramcounter.

●Decodethenumericalcodefortheinstructionintoasetofcommandsorsignalsforeachoftheothersystems.

●Incrementtheprogramcountersoitpointstothenextinstruction.

●Readwhateverdatatheinstructionrequiresfromcellsinmemory,orperhapsfromaninputdevice.Thelocationofthisrequireddataistypicallystoredwithintheinstructioncode.

●ProvidethenecessarydatatoanALUorregister.

●IftheinstructionrequiresanALUorspecializedhardwaretocomplete,instructthehardwaretoperformtherequestedoperation.

●WritetheresultfromtheALUbacktoamemorylocationortoaregisterorperhapsanoutputdevice.

●Jumpbacktothefirststep.

（4）ThetwoclassesofoperationsALUiscapableofperformingarearithmeticandlogic.

（5）LogicoperationsinvolveBooleanlogic:

AND,OR,XORandNOT.

（6）Acomputer'

smemorycanbeviewedasalistofcellsintowhichnumberscanbeplacedorread.Eachcellhasanumbered"

address"

andcanstoreasinglenumber.

（7）ThetwoprincipalvarietiesofcomputermainmemoryarerandomaccessmemoryorRAMandread-onlymemoryorROM.

（8）InaPC,thespecializedprogramcalledtheBIOSorchestratesloadingthecomputer'

soperatingsystemfromtheharddiskdriveintoRAMwheneverthecomputeristurnedonorreset.

（9）SoftwarethatisstoredinROMisoftencalledfirmwarebecauseitisnotionallymorelikehardwarethansoftware.

（10）I/Oisthemeansbywhichacomputerreceivesinformationfromtheoutsideworldandsendsresultsback.

〖Ex.2〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇

（1）input

（2）microprocessor（3）program（4）bus（5）hardware（6）memory（7）output（8）cell（9）register（10）address

〖Ex.3〗把下列句子翻译为中文

（1）他进城的目的是买一台新计算机。

（2）大多数在线服务都有自己的浏览器。

（3）软盘可以是双倍密度的或者高密度的。

（4）公式包括单元的地址。

（5）C语言也许最适宜被称为“中级语言”。

（6）每一个浏览器都有内置的功能来理解HTML。

（7）C语言是世界上最流行的计算机语言之一。

（8）Java技术既是一种编程语言，也是一个平台。

（9）实际上，一个视窗管理器可以被看作是命令行操作系统的图形用户界面。

（10）数据库管理系统处理用户对数据库的操作请求。

〖Ex.4〗选择适当的答案填空（真题再现2007年11月程序员专业英语试题）

（1）B

（2）A（3）A（4）D（5）A

〖Ex.5〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）

（1）hardware

（2）operate（3）device（4）other（5）effective（6）moving（7）considered（8）designer（9）exists（10）speed

〖Ex.6〗根据课文内容回答问题

（1）Thecomputerenclosureisusedtoprotectthecomponentsandcircuitryhousedthereinfromphysicaldamage,andtopreventelectromagneticsignalsgeneratedbycomponentsofthecomputerfromescapingandcausingelectromagneticinterference（EMI）tootherelectronicdevicesinthevicinityofthecomputer.

（2）Atypicalcomputerenclosureincludesachassis,anexpansioncardseat,afrontbezelandapluralityofcomponentsconnectabletoexternalapparatusandsystems.

（3）Ageneralcomputersystemisbasicallybuiltwithamotherboard,interfacecardsandperipherals.

（4）Themotherboardisthephysicalarrangementthatcontainsthesystem'

sbasiccircuitryandcomponents.

（5）Memoryisasemiconductorstoragedeviceforholdingprogramsordata.There'

rethreebasicformsofmemories.Theyaredynamicstorage,non-volatilememoryandstaticmemory.

Indynamicstorage,datamustbeconstantlyrefreshedanddataareerasedwhenpowerisnolongerappliedtothecell.Innon-volatilememory,dataremainspermanentlyinthecellevenwhenpowerisnotapplied,andinstaticmemorydatadoesnotneedtoberefreshedbutitsdataislostwhenpowerisnolongerappliedtothecell.

（6）RAMdiffersfromROMinthatwhenpowerisdisconnectedfromRAM,thedatastoredinrandomaccessmemoryislostwhereaswhenpowerisdisconnectedfromROMthedatastoredinreadonlymemoryremains.

（7）ROMcanbefurthercategorizedintoaprogrammablereadonlymemory（PROM）,erasableprogrammablereadonlymemory（EPROM）,andelectricallyerasableprogrammablereadonlymemory（EEPROM）.Whereas,RAMcanbefurthercategorizedintoastaticrandomaccessmemory（SRAM）andadynamicrandomaccessmemory（DRAM）.

（8）Acomputerdataprocessorisoftenreferredtoasamicroprocessor.Amicroprocessorisacircuitthatcombinestheinstruction-handling,arithmetic,andlogicaloperationsofacomputeronasinglesemiconductorintegratedcircuit.Microprocessorscanbegroupedintotwogeneralclasses,namelygeneral-purposemicroprocessorsandspecial-purposemicroprocessors.

（9）Aharddiskdrive（HDD）isadevicethatstoresorreproducesdatainadesiredstoragelocationbymovingitsmagneticheadtothedesiredlocationinaheadloadstat