REGIONAL GEOGRAPHYWord格式文档下载.docx

REGIONAL GEOGRAPHYWord格式文档下载.docx

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∙InWales

∙IntheEasternregionofEngland

∙IntheMidlandregionofEngland

∙IntheNorthEastregionofEngland

∙IntheNorthWestregionofEngland

∙InScotland

∙InNorthernIreland

e）WhichcountrieshavesuccessfullyinvadedtheUKinthelast2000years

GeneralOutline

1Thecountries:

GreatBritain（British）;

UK;

1.TheRegions

2.Thecounties:

3.SurroundingEuropeancountries

4.InvasionsoftheUK–leadingtoamulti-ethnic,multireligioussociety

5.DifferencesbetweentheUKcountries

6.MajortownsandcitiesofUK

7.PhysicalgeographyoftheUK–majormountainranges

8.Theweather

∙TheEnglishlanguageisavastfleamarketofwords,handeddown,borrowedorcreatedovermorethan2000years.Anditisstillexpanding,changingandtrading.Wordsenterthelanguageinallsortsofways:

withinvaders,migrants,tradesmen;

instories,artworks,technologies 

andscientificconcepts;

withthosewhoholdpower,andthosewhotrytooverthrowthepowerful.

THECOUNTRIES

∙TheUnitedKingdom（UK）:

England;

Scotland;

Wales;

NorthernIreland

∙GreatBritain（GB）:

LargestislandinEurope:

England,Scotland,Wales.PeoplewholiveinGBaretermedBritish

∙BritishIslesaregeographicallydefined:

GreatBritain+Ireland（North&

South）+surroundingislands（ChannelIsles,ScillyIsles,IsleofMan,Orkney&

ShetlandIsles）

THEREGIONSOFENGLAND

THECOUNTIESOFGREATBRITAIN

∙England–45;

Scotland–30;

Wales-22

MajorTownsandCities

SURROUNDINGEUROPEANCOUNTRIES

Europe,theplanet'

s6thlargestcontinent,includes47countriesandassorteddependencies,islandsandterritories.

SUCCESSFULINVASIONSOFTHEUK

CELTS（500BC–43BC）:

InvasionbytheGauls（BelgiumandNorthernFrance）.PushedintoScotland（Gaelic）;

Ireland（IrishGaelic）;

IsleofMan（Manx）bytheBritishCelts（BrittanyinFrance）whowerepushedintoWales（Welsh）

InEnglishlanguage,Celtlivesoninmainlyplacenamesandrivers（London,Thames）

Romans（43BC-450AD）:

InvasionsbyRomans（Italy）leadbyCaesar,andruledtheBritishIslesfor400.Onlyabout200wordsinherited–win（Wine）;

candel（candle）;

belt;

weall（wall）

Bigimpactonshapingthecountry:

∙TraderoutesbetweenRomeandBritishIsles

∙Buildingsandmajorroads

∙Play–dice,hopscotch,hide&

seek

∙Herbalmedicine

AngloSaxons（449AD-）:

Germanictribes

∙Angles（Germany）;

Saxons（SaxonyinGermany）;

Jutes（Denmark）.

∙AthirdofAngloSaxonwordssurvivetoday（earth,house,food,sing）

∙EnglanddevelopedfromthenameAnglia

SaintAugustine（597AD）:

notaninvaderbutaChristianmissionary,fromRome,whobroughtchurchLatintotheUK–alter,school,fork,spade,tower,rose

TheVikings（789AD-）:

InvadersfromDenmark,NorwayandSweden（Scandinavia）bringingwiththemtheNorselanguage.

∙SettledinEastern,centralandNorthernEngland,WesternScotland,SouthernIreland.

∙PushedbackfromEasternEnglandbyKingAlfred（AngloSaxon）intoNorthEastEngland–capitalYork（Jorvik）–wheretheyremainedinpoweruntillate900’s.

∙Over2000wordsremainincludinganger,cake,egg,reindeer,silver.AlsoplacenamessuchasWhitby,Grimsby,York.

TheNormans（1066-）:

OfVikingdescentfromFrance.BattleofHastings

∙TheytransformedEnglandbothculturallyandlinguistically

∙For300yearsFrenchisthespokenlanguagebymostpowerfulpeople.Frenchusedinpoliticaldocumentsandadministration.Latinisstillthelanguageofthechurchandscholars.GeneralpopulationspeakAngloSaxonEnglish.

∙Normanlegacystillremainsto-day

Ø

Classsystembasedonlandownership

Frenchlanguage&

Latin–basisofEnglishcourtsystem

Privilegedclasses–Knights,Lords,Dukes,Barons

MagnaCarta（1215）–charterofLibertiesofthePeople.ItstillremainsontheEnglishstatutebooksinrevisedforms.Allpeoplehavelegalrightsaccordingtothelaw.Righttorule（King/Queen）fromcommoncounseloftheBarons

DoomsdayBook（1086）–adetailedinventoryofEnglandcommissionedbyKingJohn.Createdtofindoutwhattaxescouldbeextractedfromthepeople.Countedpeople（wheretheylived,income,job,religion）,land,forests,livestockandtools.

TherewasaslowassimilationbetweenNormansandAngloSaxonsbutEnglishisintheascendancy.

100yearsWar（1337–1450）:

TheFrench（andit’slanguage）areseenastheenemyandthestatusofEnglishrises.FightingbetweenEnglan