劳动经济学7PPT格式课件下载.ppt

劳动经济学7PPT格式课件下载.ppt

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Raisingchildren,seeingamovieU=U（Z）Thehouseholdcommodityisproducedwithtwoinputs:

Householdproductiontime（H）purchasedgoodsorservices（X）Householdsarebothproductionandconsumptionunits.AddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000HouseholdProductionFunctionZ=Z（X,H）,properties:

PositivemarginalproductsDiminishingmarginalproduct,DiminishingTRSSubstitutingtheproductionintoutilityfunctionyieldsU（Z）=U（Z（X,H）Thismayberepresentedbyanisoquant.Higherisoquantsgivehigherutility.AddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000HouseholdtimePurchasedgoodsorservicesZ0Z1AddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000BudgetConstraintPurchasedcommodityispaidforbyearningsfrommarketworkX=wNwhereNisworkinghoursHomeandmarkethourssatisfytimebudgetconstraintH+N=TOr,X+wH=wTAddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000TheOptimalChoiceTheproblemisre-writtenas:

MaxU（Z（X,H）s.t.X+wH=wTOptimalchoice:

|MRTS|=wAddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000TheProductionofChildCareFigure7.1AddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000ComparativeStaticAnalysisIncomeeffectMarriageinstabilityMarketwagegoesupWomenseducationIncomeeffectsreducemarkettimeSubstitutioneffectsincreasemarkettimeTechnologyinhomeproductionEasiertosubstitutetimeforpurchasedgoodsUtilityisoquantbecomesflatterIncreasemarkettimeAddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000TheTripartiteChoice（Gronau）MarketWork,HouseholdWorkandLeisureUtilitycomesfromconsuminggoods（X）andleisure（L）:

U（X,L）Xiscomposedoftwotypesofgoods:

Homeproduced（）Marketgoodspurchasedusingearnings（）Householdproductionfunction:

Budgetconstraintformarketgoods:

Timeconstraint:

H+N+L=TAddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000ExplainingLSofMenandWomenStylizedfactonlaborsupply:

Atlowfemaleparticipation,substitutioneffecttendedtodominateincomeeffect.Athighparticipation,substitutioneffectfades,andTherelativesizeofthetwoeffectsofmenandwomenhasbeguntoconverge.Explanation:

Substitutionbetweenmarketandhouseholdworkiseasieratlowparticipation,andharderathighparticipation.Substitutionbetweenmarketworkandleisureismoredifficult.AddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000Largevs.SmallSubstitutionEffectsAttendanttoaWageIncreaseFigure7.2AddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000WorkandLeisure:

Pastvs.Present（Fogel）1880（weekly）Adultmale:

Market:

66.5hrs;

Household:

14hrs;

Personalcare:

75hrs;

Leisure:

12.5hrsAdultfemale:

10.5hrs1980（weekly）Adultmale:

44hrs;

household:

13.8hrs;

68.2hrs;

41.8hrsAdultfemale:

41.9hrsLifetimechangeEntermarket5yrslater;

afterretirement11yrslongerDiscretionarytime:

225,000to298,500hrsLifetimeleisure:

43,800to176,100hrsLeisuresshare:

20%to60%AddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000JointHHLaborSupplyDecisionsSingledecisionmodelCrosseffectsSpecializationBargainingmodelCooperativegameIndependentdecisionNon-cooperativegameAddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000FamilyLaborSupplyUtilityfunctionforthefamilyBudgetconstraintOptimaldecisionintwodimensions:

LFparticipationHoursofworkBothareaffectedbythewagerateofthespouse.AddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000EmpiricalEvidenceonCrossWageEffectSupportsthenotionthatFamilylaborsupplyajointdecisionFemaleLSmoreresponsivetochangesinspouseswagerate.A10%increaseinthehusbandswagelowerstheLFPRofwomenby5.3ppts.reducesthehoursthatworkingwivesallocatetothelabormarketby1.7%.Thereislittleevidencethathusbandslaborsupplyisaffectedbythewifeswagerate.AddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000SpecializationintheHousehold（Blauetal.）Twopeople:

JackandJill;

twogoods:

MarketgoodsandhomegoodsJackismoreproductiveatworkthanJillJillismoreproductiveathomethanJackBothhaveatimeconstraintof10hoursAddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000DerivingproductionpossibilityfrontiersJack:

Jill:

AddisonWesleyLongman,Inc.2000JackandJillsProductionSetsAd