Using RFID for Accurate PositioningWord下载.docx

Using RFID for Accurate PositioningWord下载.docx

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InKorea,telematicsisregardedasthetechnologytoenhanceandmakeeveryday-drivingexperiencemorecomfortableandsafer.AnessentialpartofthetelematicsisnavigationanditismainlybasedonGPSasthechoiceofpositioningtechnology.TheaccuracyofGPS,however,isapproximatelytentotwentymeters.Combiningwithmap-matchingtechnologies,mostnavigationsystemsguidedriverswithabesteffortmanner.Inadditiontotelematics,RFID（RadioFrequencyIdentification）isanoldbutnewlyemergedtechnology.Inthispaper,weincorporateRFIDtechnologyintoanavigationsystemtoimprovetheaccuracy.Theskeletonoftheideaisasfollows:

installRFIDtagsonroadsinacertainway,storeveryaccuratelocationinformationalongwithothernecessaryinformationinthetags,addanRFIDreadermoduletothenavigationsystem,andusethisnewlocationinformationalongwithGPSandagyroscopetoproducehighlyaccuratelocationinformation.Withthisscheme,theaccuracyofpositioningcanbedramaticallyimproved,especiallyintunnelsandindowntownareas.Preliminaryresultsshowthatthisideaisfeasible.

Keywords:

Positioning,RFID,Navigation,Telematics.

1.INTRODUCTION

Telematicscanbedefinedasthetechnologythatenablesavehicletoexchangedataviawirelesscommunicationintheformofservicesorapplications.Corecomponentsofatelematicssystemincludepositioningtechnology,Human-MachineInterfaces（HMI）,andanavigationmodule.Overthelastfewyears,telematicshasdrawnmuchattentioninmajorindustrialcountries.Koreaisoneofthenationsthatendeavortocapitalizeontelematics.Infact,theMinistryofInformationandCommunicationofKorea（MIC）hasrecentlyreleaseditsmasterplancalledtheIT839StrategytohelptheITindustrydevelopnewtechnologies（MIC,2004）.TheIT839Strategyisaplanforactivatingeightservices（WiBro,DMB,HomeNetwork,Telematics,RFID,W-CDMA,TerrestrialDigitalTV,VoIP）,implementingthreeinfrastructures（BroadbandConvergenceNetwork,UbiquitousSensorNetwork,IPv6）,anddevelopingninenewgrowthengines（Next-GenerationMobileCommunications,DigitalTV,HomeNetwork,ITSoC,Next-GenerationPC,EmbeddedSW,DigitalContents,Telematics,IntelligentServiceRobot）.TelematicsisoneoftheeightnewservicesandalsooneoftheninenewgrowthenginesintheIT839Strategy.

Asmentionedabove,positioningtechnologyisacorecomponentoftelematicsandmostoftelematicsdevicessoldtodayrelyonGPSasachoiceofthepositioningtechnology.WithGPS,itisinherentlydifficult,ifnotimpossible,togetapositioninatunnelorindowntownareassurroundedbyskyscrapers.ThisissueinGPSwouldnotberesolvedformanyyearstocome.Toenhancetheaccuracytoalevelatwhichlane-by-lanerouteguidancecanbepossible,usingRFIDtechnologyforpositioningisproposed.

RFIDisnotanewtechnology,ratheritsorigindatesbacktoWorldWarTwo.Recently,RFIDcomesunderthespotlightforitspotentialforchangingtheworldbyreplacingbarcodesandprovidingmanyservicesthatareunknowntoday.Inadditiontothereplacementofbarcodes,RFIDhasgaininginterestsinmobilephoneandconsumerelectronicsindustry.

TheRFIDpositioningcanbedividedintofoursteps:

inthefirststep,installRFIDtagsonroadsinacertainway,storeveryaccuratelocationinformationalongwithothernecessaryinformationtothetags,addanRFIDreadermoduletothenavigationsystem,andusethisnewlocationinformation.ApartfromtheRFIDsystem,wealsoproposetouseatagdatabase.

Duetothememoryconstraintonthetagandthedatasizethatneedsbewritteninatag,theuseofadatabasefortagsisanecessarycondition.Inaddition,thespeedoftheRFIDcommunicationalsomakestheuseofthetagdatabaseindispensable.

PreliminaryresultsshowthattheRFIDcommunicationspeeddoesnotsolelydependonthebitdatarateinthespecification.onetheless,itwillbeshownthatretrievingIDfromatagcanbedonefastevenatahighvelocity（bythehighvelocitywemean150km/h）.

Anotherperformancestudyonthetagdatabaseaccesstimeindicatesthattheaccesstimeismarginal.

IntheRFIDandtelematicsliterature,thereisnotmuchresearchonRFIDpositioningpertinenttovehiclenavigation.Kubitzetal.developedatechniqueforrobotnavigationusingRFID（Kubitzetal.,1997）.They,however,didnottakethevelocityofrobotsintoaccount,whereasinvehiclenavigationfastRFIDcommunicationwouldbecrucial.Penttilä

etal.presentedaperformancestudyonanRFIDsystem,inwhichtheyachievedreliableidentificationaccuracyatupto40km/h（Penttilä

etal.2004）.

Thispaperisorganizedasfollows:

inSection2abriefoverviewoftheRFIDtechnologyisgivenasbackgroun