老人与海Word下载.docx

老人与海Word下载.docx

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Abstract

TheOldManandtheSea,praisedbyafamouswriteras“themostexcellentsimplearticleinthisgeneration”,isamasterpieceoftheunyieldingman—Hemingway.Butwithregardtothesymbolism,ithasbeentalkeddifferently,andwasequivocalintheexplanationbyHemingwayhimself.TheProtagonist,thelivingenvironment,thesea,theShark,theMarlinarenotthemselvesbuthavesignificantsymbolicalmeaning.Heretheauthorwillanalyzeitssymbolismthoroughlythroughsomeaspectssuchastheleadingcharacter，thelivingenvironmentandHemingway’sphilosophyoflifereflectedbythesymbols,withaviewtohelpthereadergetabetterunderstandingofErnestHemingway'

smasterpiece．

KeyWords

ErnestHemingway;

thesymbolicfactors;

icebergtheory;

thelivingenvironment；

philosophyoflife

摘　要

被威谦、福克纳誉为“这代人最优秀的一个单篇”的《老人与海》是硬汉子海明威的力作，而对于《老人与海》的象征主义，评论界各执已见，海明威本人的解释也模棱两可。

而小说中主人翁桑提亚哥和生存环境、大海、鲨鱼、小孩等角色实际上并非角色本身，表面上简单的角色及故事情节有着深刻的象征意义，所以笔者希望从文章的主人公、其生存环境等各个方面对其象征主义进行剖析、总结和归纳《老人与海》的象征手法以及海明威的人生观在各象征因素中的体现,以期能帮助读者更好地理解这部作品。

关键词

海明威；

象征因素；

冰山原理;

生存环境;

人生观

Introduction

RegardedasagiantbothinAmericanliteratureandtheworldliterature,ErnestHemingwaywasbornonJuly21,1898,atOakPark,Illinois.Inthechildhood,influencedbyhisfather,Hemingwaywasinterestedinmusic,pictures,hunting,fishingandthelike.

Hisvarietyofinterest,especiallytheloveoffishingextremelyaffectedallhislifeandhedrewmuchwritinginspirationfromhisfishingexperience.Takingadventuresalsoplaysavitalroleinhislifeandforthereasonthatheexperiencedthetwoworldwars.Asanoticeablerepresentativeofthe“LostGeneration”,Hemingwaypublishedthebooksofthissort,TheSunAlsoRisesattheageof26.Becausethebookchieflydealswiththelivingattitudeofthepost-wargeneration,especiallythelivesofthosewoundedsoldiersandthelonelinessanddisillusionmentofthemodernpeoplewhoseidealwasshatteredatthetimewhen“Godisdead”,theythoughtlifewasnothingandmeaningless.Inthiscase,HemingwaybecamethespokespersonfortheTheLostGeneration.

Actuallytheparableofaman’sstruggleagainstthenature,TheOldManandTheSeawaspublishedin1952.Acknowledgedashisbestworks,thenovelreinvigoratedHemingway’sliteraryreputationaftertheviolentattacks，hereceivedfromAcrosstheRiverandIntotheTress.Thepositivereactionthatfollowedthenovelincludedpraisenotonlyfromthereviewersbutalsofromaboardspectrumofthemass,fromordinaryreaderstofellowmenofletters.ThepublishingofthisworkshowedthatHemingwayhadshownhecouldstillachieveamajortriumph,whetherornotthereviewersandcriticsorthepubliccouldappreciatethetruevalueofhisachievement.TheOldManandtheSeawasawardedthePulitzerPrizein1953andHemingway’sfamousicebergtechnique,whichisasimplebuthighlysuggestivestyle,wasvividlyembodiedinthework,thushewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforhis“masteryoftheartofmodernnarration”.

I.IntroductiontotheBackground

TheoldManandtheSeaisafableofanoldman’slifewhichwastoldbyHemingway.

HemingwayisafamousAmericanwriterofmoderntimes.Heisalsoaninternationalliterarycelebrityintheworld.Hisfatherisaprominentdoctor,andalsoadabatfishingandhunting.Theinfluenceofhisfathermadehimfulloflovewithfishingandhunting.Hislifewasactiveandadventurous,butitwasfullofpains.TheFirstandtheSecondWorldWarshadaffectedHemingwayalot,hehadoncejoinedthearmyandhadinjuredinItaly,andhesufferedmuchthatwasbroughtaboutbythewardeeply.Hewasdisappointedwiththeworldandpessimisticaboutthefateoftheman. 

Inhisearlydays’novel,TheSunalsorisesdepictsthewar,describingthebewildermentoftheEuropeanandAmericanyoungpeople,thenhewaslookdownuponbysomeonearoundhimandsomewriters.“Youareallthegenerationthathasbeenataloss.”So,seekingwayoutandseekingtheunderstandingoflifeisthethemethatHemingwaywantedtoexplore.Hewasanunyieldingman,soheportrayedthedistinctiveindividualcharacterof“thecharacterofunyieldingman”.FromalltheworksofHemingway’s,wecanfindthatwhenHemingwaychosepersonage,heespeciallylikedtochoosebeggar,hunter,soliderandsoon,theycouldprotecttheirdignitybyresistingwiththeworldwhichisfullofhostility,theymaintainagracefuldemeanourundergreatforce,butontarget.Thecharactersoftheprotagonistaredifferentfromthatoftheearlydays’novel.Forexample,theleadingcharacterJordaninForwhomtheBellTollsisaherowhodevoteshimselftothecareerheincitestheevilforce,whichreflectsthecherisheddesireforopposingthefascismwarofthepeople,whichisfullofwidesocialmeaningandthetime’sbreathe.Allthecharactersoftheprotago