汤姆叔叔的小屋论文.docx

汤姆叔叔的小屋论文.docx

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汤姆叔叔的小屋论文

汤姆叔叔的小屋论文

哈尔滨商业大学毕业论文

论《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中黑奴汤姆悲剧的必然性

学生姓名杨玉婷

指导教师奚新远

专业英语

学院外语学院

2015年5月30日

HarbinUniversityofCommerce

GraduationThesis

OntheInevitabilityofUncleTom’sTragedy

Student

YangYuting

Supervisor

XiXinyuan

Specialty

EnglishLanguage

School

SchoolofForeignLanguages

May30,2015

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摘要

美国作家哈利特•比彻•斯托的代表作《汤姆叔叔的小屋》被誉为废奴小说的经典,在小说所有的人物当中,黑奴汤姆叔叔这个人物给读者带来了巨大心灵震撼——一个友善、博爱、无私、忠诚和具有救赎精神的黑奴最后的结局居然是悲惨的死亡。

汤姆的死亡给小说蒙上了一层浓厚的悲剧色彩。

通过以汤姆为代表的奴隶们的悲剧，斯托夫人成功地揭发和控诉了美国南方蓄奴制的罪行,激发了人们对奴隶的同情和对奴隶制的憎恶,继而把废奴运动推向了高潮，因此，小说被誉为美国南北战争的导火索之一，具有一定的历史地位。

本文从社会、历史以及汤姆本人的人物性格分析着手,多方面探讨汤姆悲剧的必然性,致力于全面深刻理解小说的主旨一奴隶制的罪恶。

关键词：

哈利特•比彻•斯托；黑奴汤姆；奴隶制；悲剧；必然性

Abstract

UncleTom’sCabin,publishedin1952,whichwaswrittenbytheHarrietBeecherStowe,thewell-knownmasterpieceofMrs.Stoweisthegreatestanti-slaveryworkofAmericainthe19thcentury.Amongallthecharactersinthiswork,UncleTomwhowasfullofkindnesswasthetrueherointhehistoryofAmericannovels.Thisworkanalyzesthecharacteristicsofunselfishness,loyalty,kindnessandgenerosityembodiedinUncleTomwhowasarealbelieverinChristianity.However,suchakindmanendupwithatragicdeathundermercilesstreatmentofhisslaveownerinthisnovel,theendingofUncleTomhasmadeastrongtragicatmospherethroughoutthewholenovel,whichstressestheslave’smiserablelifeundertheunfairslaverysystem.Tom’sdeath,whichmadethepeopleinthesouthstanduptofightagainsttheslaverysustainedintheSouthofAmerica.ThisworkalsogaveatrueaccountofthemiserablefateoftheslavesintheSouthandwokeupthesympathyofthewhitepeopletotheblackslaves.Inaddition,Tom’stragedyassistsMrs.Stowesuccessfullyinexposingandaccusetheessenceofthebrutalityoftheslaverytothemaximization,andgivingmorecriticismstotheslaverysystem,finally,pushingthemovementoffightingagainstslaverysystemtotheclimax..

Keywords:

UncleTom’sCabin;UncleTom;tragedy;inevitability;slavery

Contents

1Introduction

HarrietBeecherStowe（1811-1896）,wasoneofthegreatestfiguresin19th-centuryAmericawriter,wasborninaministerialfamilyinLitchfield,Connecticut,onJune14,1811.Bothherfatherandbrotherarewell-knownministerincongregationalchurchandlattershemarriedCalvinStowe,aministerandprofessor,soMrs.Stowewasdeeplyinfluencedbytheologythroughoutherlife,andshehadadistinctunderstandingtotheChristianityculture.Mrs.Stowewasinterestedinliteraturewhenshewasalittlechild.

Harriet’sfavoriteroomwasherfather'sstudy.ShelikedflippingthroughLyman’sbooksashesatathisdesk,workingonhisSundaysermons.Manyofthebookswerescholarlyworksonreligion,buttherewereafewthatexcitedthegirl’simagination.SheparticularlylikedtheexoticstoriesinLyman’svolumeofArabiannights.（Sonnebom,2009:

15）

ThisnovelUncleTom’sCabinbyMrs.StoweisthemasterpieceofAmericanemancipationliteratureinthemiddleof19thcentury.Itflintilyexposedtheatrocityofhelotism,therefore,peopleinthenorthwerestirredbyrighteouswrathwhichledtotheAmericanCivilWarinthe1960s.ThisnovelUncleTom’sCabinholdsprettyhighhistoricalvalueandliteraturesignificance.TheFugitiveSlaveActpassedin1850,whichannouncedthatitisillegalforanyoneintheUnitedStatestogiveassistanceorsupporttorunawayslave.ThenovelservedasaimmediatelyresponsetotheFugitiveSlaveAct.Itstronglyattackedthislawandotherinstitutionitprotected.Accordingtothisact,theSouthernslaveswhoescapedtotheNorthmustfleetoCanadatogettherealfreedom.Sointhisnovel,Mrs.Stowekeptcallingforimmediateemancipationoftheblackslavesandfreedomtoallpeople.

UncleTom’sCabinwaswidelyacceptedasoneanti-slaverynovelwhichwasoneoftheblastingfusecausedAmericanCivilWar.WhenAbrahamLincolnmetMrs.Stowein1862inWhiteHouse,hesaid,“soyou’rethelittlewomanwhowrotethebookthatcausedthisgreatwar.”ThisnovelbyStowedirectlyexposedthebrutalessenceofthesouthernslaverysystem,andintensifythecontradictionbetweenthesouthandthenorth,finallymadetheAmericanCivilWar.ThegreatsuccessStoweachievednodoubtisthatitsuccessfullyarousedpeople’shatredtowardslaveryandsympathytoslaves.Inaddition,itiswidelythoughtUncleTom’sCabinasananti-slaveryliteratureeventuallybroughtabouttheendofslavery.

Inthisnovel,Mrs.Stowethroughtwocluesdescribedthemiserablefatesofthesouthslaves.Ontheonehand